Cerebral venous thrombosis in a patient with adenomyosis: A case report

Abstract

Cerebral venous thrombosis can be caused by different conditions such as infectious, structural, hypercoagulable states, hematological, hormonal, collagen, vascular diseases, and oral contraceptive pills among other causes. Adenomyosis has been rarely associated with Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Increased CA-125 and iron deficiency anemia in adenomyosis may predispose to CVT.

Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis associated with adenomyosis: Case report and literature review

“… 26 Limited data are available regarding other types of thrombotic events. To further investigate this association, we conducted a literature search on PubMed using the terms “adenomyosis AND thrombo OR infarction.” This search strategy yielded a total of 22 eligible case or series reports (Table 1 ), including 25 cases (75.7%) of ischemic stroke, 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 6 cases (18.2%) of PE, 22 , 23 and 2 cases (6.1%) of DVT. 24 , 25 The median age of these documented patients was 45 years (range 34–59), with a tendency to experience thrombotic events during menstrual cycles.…”

“…The association between CA125 levels and the severity of adenomyosis remains uncertain. Nonetheless, a pooled analysis of 23 documented stroke cases 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 with CA125 measurements revealed a significant increase in CA125 levels among nine individuals (cases 1, 2, 5, 10, 17–19, 21, 24) experiencing systemic embolism (defined as stroke complicating extremity or organ embolism) and/or recurrent embolism, in contrast to the 14 cases (cases 4, 6–9, 11–16, 20, 23, 25) with isolated and nonrecurrent embolism (see Figure 3 ). This preliminary investigation emphasizes the need for further research to establish the potential value of CA125 in the treatment and monitoring of thrombotic complications associated with adenomyosis.…”

“… 2 In 1991, Kupryjańczyk described a case of intravascular endometriosis with thrombosis in a patient diagnosed with adenomyosis. 3 Subsequently, several isolated case reports and case series have documented the occurrence of ischemic stroke 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 and pulmonary embolism (PE) 22 , 23 in patients with adenomyosis, suggesting a possible association with hypercoagulability induced by this disorder. However, there are few reports of cases complicated by isolated deep vein thrombosis (DVT).…”