Cerebral white matter deficiencies in pedophilic men

Cantor, James M.; Kabani, Noor Jehan; Christensen, Bruce K.; Zipursky, Robert B.; Barbaree, Howard E.; Dickey, Robert; Klassen, Philip E.; Mikulis, David J.; Kuban, Michael E.; Blak, Thomas; Richards, Blake A; Hanratty, M Katherine; Blanchard, Ray

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.10.013

Cited by 165 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Thus our findings indicate a disturbed interplay between attentional and frontal control networks compared with the default network. More generally speaking, our findings therefore rather support the notion of Cantor et al [6] that pedophilia is not related to a focal dysfunction of a localized brain region but has to be seen from a network perspective.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Some studies on late-onset pedophilia supported the assumption that pedophilic behavior might be related to a lack of inhibition due to temporal [3] or orbitofrontal pathology [4]. Further evidence for this notion came from recent fMRI studies showing frontal [5] or temporal [2] impairment or alterations in the white matter connections between these brain regions [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response Inhibition in Pedophilia: An fMRI Pilot Study

et al. 2013

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Background: The failure to inhibit pleasurable but inappropriate urges is associated with frontal lobe pathology and has been suggested as a possible cause of pedophilic behavior. However, imaging and neuropsychological findings about frontal pathology in pedophilia are heterogeneous. In our study we therefore address inhibition behaviorally and by means of functional imaging, aiming to assess how inhibition in pedophilia is related to a differential recruitment of frontal brain areas. Method: Eleven pedophilic subjects and 7 nonpedophilic controls underwent fMRI while performing a go/no-go task composed of neutral letters. Results: Pedophilic subjects showed a slower reaction time and less accurate visual target discrimination. fMRI voxel-level ANOVA revealed as a main effect of the go/no-go task an activation of prefrontal and parietal brain regions in the no-go condition, while the left anterior cingulate, precuneus and gyrus angularis became more activated in the go condition. In addition, a group × task interaction was found in the left precuneus and gyrus angularis. This interaction was based on an attenuated deactivation of these brain regions in the pedophilic group during performance of the no-go condition. The positive correlation between blood oxygen level-dependent imaging signal and reaction time in these brain areas indicates that attenuated deactivation is related to the behavioral findings. Conclusion: Slower reaction time and less accurate visual target discrimination in pedophilia was accompanied by attenuated deactivation of brain areas belonging to the default mode network. Our findings thus support the notion that behavioral differences might also derive from self-related processes and not necessarily from frontal lobe pathology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Inhibition in Pedophilia: An fMRI Pilot Study

et al. 2013

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“…We wanted to use VBM in this 22q11DS-SZ population and wondered how it would perform. Moreover, another recent study (Cantor et al, 2008) has used VBM and automated ROI at brain lobe scale in conjunction, to study white matter deficiencies in pedophilic men and noted some discrepancies in outcomes between methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voxel-based morphometry and automated lobar volumetry: The trade-off between spatial scale and statistical correction

Voormolen¹,

Wei²,

Chow³

et al. 2010

NeuroImage

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Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and automated lobar region of interest (ROI) volumetry are comprehensive and fast methods to detect differences in overall brain anatomy on magnetic resonance images. However, VBM and automated lobar ROI volumetry have detected dissimilar gray matter differences within identical image sets in our own experience and in previous reports. To gain more insight into how diverging results arise and to attempt to establish whether one method is superior to the other, we investigated how differences in spatial scale and in the need to statistically correct for multiple spatial comparisons influence the relative sensitivity of either technique to group differences in gray matter volumes. We assessed the performance of both techniques on a small dataset containing simulated gray matter deficits and additionally on a dataset of 22q11-deletion syndrome patients with schizophrenia (22q11DS-SZ) vs. matched controls. VBM was more sensitive to simulated focal deficits compared to automated ROI volumetry, and could detect global cortical deficits equally well. Moreover, theoretical calculations of VBM and ROI detection sensitivities to focal deficits showed that at increasing ROI size, ROI volumetry suffers more from loss in sensitivity than VBM. Furthermore, VBM and automated ROI found corresponding GM deficits in 22q11DS-SZ patients, except in the parietal lobe. Here, automated lobar ROI volumetry found a significant deficit only after a smaller subregion of interest was employed. Thus, sensitivity to focal differences is impaired relatively more by averaging over larger volumes in automated ROI methods than by the correction for multiple comparisons in VBM. These findings indicate that VBM is to be preferred over automated lobarscale ROI volumetry for assessing gray matter volume differences between groups.

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“…These results though have not been replicated in other studies [24]. For example, Cantor et al (2008) compared structural MRI findings between 65 pedophilic men with 63 controls and reported a lack of difference in grey matter volumes in the frontal and temporal regions but significant differences in the white matter volume in the superior orbito-frontal and right arcuate fasciculi [40]. Dysregulation in the brain monoamine system (serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine) has also been proposed as a candidate theory for pedophilia [12,22].…”

Section: Neuropsychiatric Differencesmentioning

confidence: 92%