Cerebrel Arachnoid Cysts

Starkman, Sidney; Brown, Theodore; Linell, Eric A.

doi:10.1097/00005072-195807000-00009

Cited by 323 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…Arachnoid cysts are abnormal intracranial cavities filled with a fluid resembling cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which apparently arise as developmental anomalies of the meninges (Starkman et al, 1958;Go et al, 1993;Go, 1995); they have the structure of arachnoid villi or granulations, but have apparently developed with no connection to venous drainage, so that they fill with fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Localization in Cases of Left Temporal Lobe Arachnoid Cyst: Evidence against Interhemispheric Reorganization

Stowe

Pruim

et al. 2000

Brain and Language

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Localization in Cases of Left Temporal Lobe Arachnoid Cyst: Evidence against Interhemispheric Reorganization

Stowe

Pruim

et al. 2000

Brain and Language

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“…At approximately the 15th gestational week, the roof of the fourth ventricle opens into the cisterna magna via the foramina of Magendie and Luschka, and the CSF passing into the cisternal mesenchyme can result in arachnoid membrane splitting; this splitting may eventually lead to the formation of a CSF-containing cyst. [11][12][13][14] Hence, in our patient, the PACs could result from a similar process occurring focally through the Meckel cave and the porus trigeminus as well as through the other pori associated with the other cranial nerve exits, resulting in the appearance of multiple cephaloceles. 11 Also it has been postulated that intracranial hypertension or abnormal CSF pulsation can contribute to PAC enlargement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Dilation of the Subarachnoid Spaces Surrounding the Cranial Nerves with Petrous Apex Cephaloceles in Usher Syndrome

Stark

McKinney²,

Palmer

et al. 2008

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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SUMMARY:Limited studies of brain MR imaging findings in Usher syndrome have reported atrophy with enlarged subarachnoid spaces. However, the specific appearance of the subarachnoid spaces surrounding the cranial nerves has not yet been described. Herein we describe the skull base MR imaging findings in an adult with Usher syndrome. Multiple cranial nerve exits were enlarged to the point of causing cephaloceles with bony remodeling. A combination of uncommon findings in this rare disorder raises the question of an etiologic association. Usher syndrome, also called Graefe-Usher syndrome, is a rare, congenital, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural hearing loss, as first described by Von Graefe in 1858.1,2 In the United States, the prevalence is estimated at 4.4 per 100,000.1 Usher syndrome stems from a variety of genetic mutations for which a common mechanism is not well understood.3 This syndrome is divided into 3 clinical subtypes on the basis of the temporal course and the extent of deafness: type I patients exhibit profound hearing loss and lack of vestibular function; type II patients have moderate to severe hearing loss with preserved vestibular function; and type III patients have milder progressive hearing loss, with approximately half having vestibular deterioration.3 The CT and MR imaging literature describing Usher syndrome is sparse but describes diffuse brain atrophy and enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces with diminished cerebral and posterior fossa tissue volumes.4-6 There has not yet been a description of whether the subarachnoid space enlargement involves the transit points of the cranial nerves along the skull base.A petrous apex cephalocele (PAC) is an uncommon lesion consisting of congenital or acquired herniation of the contents from the Meckel cave, which may cause remodeling of the adjacent petrous temporal bone.7 On pathologic examination, these have been defined as either meningoceles or arachnoid cysts.7 These lesions are usually incidental and unilateral but rarely may be symptomatic.Here we report the case of an adult with type I Usher syndrome, in whom MR imaging demonstrated diffuse dilation of the subarachnoid spaces extending along the cranial nerves to the point of causing bony remodeling from PACs. The presence of these uncommon findings in a patient with this rare disorder raises the question of an etiologic association. Case ReportA 58-year-old man with type I Usher syndrome (per ophthalmologic diagnosis) and baseline ocular blindness and sensorineural hearing loss presented initially with temporal pain underlying the right temporomandibular joint. An MR imaging examination was performed on a 3T scanner to exclude an intracranial cause, consisting of axial fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted images (T2WI), diffusion, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images through the whole brain (5-mm thickness), with thinner 3D FSE T2WI images through the skull base (0.6 mm), as well as precontrast and postcontrast axial and coronal T1-weig...

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“…Sixty cases have been reported including ours, 14,18,30) but only 16 have been adults 2,4,5,13,14,18,19,22,25,27,33,36) (Table 1). Infratentorial arachnoid cysts are mostly congenital, 11,34) although acquired pathologies such as diverticulum from ventricles (due to increased intraventricular pressure), 22) inflammation, 7,22,37) and trauma 7,21,22) are also causative mechanisms. Incarceration of ectopic tissue in form of a secretory organ or choroid plexus may rarely develop from embryonic rests, 3,21,22,25,29,35) impeding the free circulation of the fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22) Minor changes in the CSF flow in the early embryonal stages leads to focal splitting of the developing leptomeninges, with the formation of a diverticulum or blind pocket. 34) Arachnoid cysts occur at the site of subarachnoid cisterns, so this process is likely to be influenced by the complex folding of the growing encephalon. 29) In our case, no traumatic or inflammatory causes were evident and histological examination found no inflammatory or hemorrhagic cells, so the cyst was considered to be of congenital origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unusual Arachnoid Cyst of the Quadrigeminal Cistern in an Adult Presenting With Apneic Spells and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Case Report.

Topsakal

Kaplan

Erol

et al. 2002

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus, lower cranial nerve pareses, and pyramidal and cerebellar signs associated with respiratory disturbances. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 4.7 × 5.4 cm quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst causing severe compression of the tectum and entire brain stem, aqueduct, and cerebellum, associated with moderate dilation of the third and lateral ventricles. Emergency surgery was undertaken due to sudden loss of consciousness and impaired breathing. The cyst was totally removed by midline suboccipital craniotomy in the prone position. Postoperatively, her symptoms improved except for the ataxia and impaired breathing. She was monitored cautiously for over 15 days. CT at discharge on the 18th postoperative day revealed decreased cyst size to 3.9 × 4.1 cm. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of the arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern. The patient died of respiratory problems on the 5th day after discharge. Quadrigeminal arachnoid cysts may compress the brain stem and cause severe respiratory disturbances, which can be fatal due to apneic spells. Patients should be monitored continuously in the preoperative and postoperative period until the restoration of autonomous ventilation is achieved.

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Cerebrel Arachnoid Cysts

Cited by 323 publications

References 0 publications

Language Localization in Cases of Left Temporal Lobe Arachnoid Cyst: Evidence against Interhemispheric Reorganization

Language Localization in Cases of Left Temporal Lobe Arachnoid Cyst: Evidence against Interhemispheric Reorganization

Dilation of the Subarachnoid Spaces Surrounding the Cranial Nerves with Petrous Apex Cephaloceles in Usher Syndrome

Unusual Arachnoid Cyst of the Quadrigeminal Cistern in an Adult Presenting With Apneic Spells and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Case Report.

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