Cerebro-cerebellar connectivity is increased in primary lateral sclerosis

Meoded, Avner; Morrissette, Arthur E.; Katipally, Rohan; Schanz, Olivia; Gotts, Stephen J.; Floeter, Mary Kay

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2014.12.009

Cited by 40 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Indeed, dysfunctions in the sensorimotor network (including the bilateral precentral gyrus, posterior gyrus, and paracentral lobule) have been well validated by previous ALS studies, and these are associated with impaired corticospinal fiber integrity . Additionally, in agreement with our finding of RK reduction in the cerebellar lobe, structural atrophy and dysfunction in the cerebellum have been detected in ALS and are related to poor motor functioning . Furthermore, microstructural impairment in the middle corpus callosum is another consistent feature of ALS, as previous DTI studies have reported .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Abnormal cerebral microstructures revealed by diffusion kurtosis imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Huang

Zou

Xue

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease in which cerebral structural impairment is a consistent feature. Purpose To investigate cerebral microstructural changes in ALS using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for the first time. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Eighteen ALS patients and 20 healthy controls. Field Strength/Sequence DKI images were obtained by a spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence on a 3T MRI scanner, with three b‐values (0, 1000, and 2000 s/mm2) and 64 diffusion encoding directions. Assessment The revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS‐R) was administered to assess disease severity, and the symptom duration and disease progression rate were also recorded. Voxel‐based analysis was applied to examine the alteration of DKI metrics (ie, mean kurtosis metrics [MK], axial kurtosis [AK], and radial kurtosis [RK]) and the conventional diffusion metrics (ie, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity). Statistical Tests Student's t‐test, chi‐square test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results ALS patients showed MK reductions in gray matter areas, including the bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral paracentral lobule, and left anterior cingulate gyrus; they also showed decreased MK values in white matter (WM) in the bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral corona radiata, bilateral middle corpus callosum, left occipital lobe, and right superior parietal lobule. The spatial distribution of the regions with reduced RK was similar to those with decreased MK. No significant AK difference was found between groups. The correlation analysis revealed significant associations between DKI metrics and clinical assessments such as ALSFRS‐R score and disease duration. Additionally, several WM regions showed between‐group differences in conventional diffusion metrics; but the spatial extent was smaller than that with reduced DKI metrics. Data Conclusion The reduction in DKI metrics indicates decreased microstructural complexity in ALS, involving both motor‐related areas and extramotor regions. DKI metrics can serve as potential biomarkers for assessing disease severity. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:554–562.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Abnormal cerebral microstructures revealed by diffusion kurtosis imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Huang

Zou

Xue

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…AD pathology could not only lead to synaptic alterations [Baloyannis et al, 2000] in some cerebellar regions and cerebral regions (mostly in the frontal areas) [Braak and Braak, 1991] in MCI subjects, but also alter the indirect (via the relay of the thalamus and/or pons) long-range pathway between the cerebral and cerebellar regions, thus resulting in abnormal cognitive function (see the review in Egidio and Stefano [2012] for more details). However, few previous studies have shown such a long-range cerebrocerebellar functional connectivity abnormality in the early stage of AD, especially for the subjects without observable structural difference [Hanyu et al, 1993;Meoded et al, 2015]. Our result suggests that, by using dFC, we can detect subtle changes in the large-scale cerebrocerebellar functional integration for MCI subjects.…”

Section: Most Discriminative Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Extraction of dynamic functional connectivity from brain grey matter and white matter for MCI classification

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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Brain functional connectivity (FC) extracted from resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) has become a popular approach for diagnosing various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Current studies mainly construct the FC networks between grey matter (GM) regions of the brain based on temporal co-variations of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals, which reflects the synchronized neural activities. However, it was rarely investigated whether the FC detected within the white matter (WM) could provide useful information for diagnosis. Motivated by the recently proposed functional correlation tensors (FCT) computed from RS-fMRI and used to characterize the structured pattern of local FC in the WM, we propose in this paper a novel MCI classification method based on the information conveyed by both the FC between the GM regions and that within the WM regions. Specifically, in the WM, the tensor-based metrics (e.g., fractional anisotropy [FA], similar to the metric calculated based on diffusion tensor imaging [DTI]) are first calculated based on the FCT and then summarized along each of the major WM fiber tracts connecting each pair of the brain GM regions. This could capture the functional information in the WM, in a similar network structure as the FC network constructed for the GM, based only on the same RS-fMRI data. Moreover, a sliding window approach is further used to partition the voxel-wise BOLD signal into multiple short overlapping segments. Then, both the FC and FCT between each pair of the brain regions can be calculated based on the BOLD signal segments in the GM and WM, respectively. In such a way, our method can generate dynamic FC and dynamic FCT to better capture functional information in both GM and WM and further integrate them together by using our developed feature extraction, selection, and ensemble learning algorithms. The experimental results verify that the dynamic FCT can provide valuable functional information in the WM; by combining it with the dynamic FC in the GM, the diagnosis accuracy for MCI subjects can be significantly improved even using RS-fMRI data alone.

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“…40 The other study, which searched for new patterns of function connectivity, found increased functional connectivity between the cerebellum and several cortical regions that were not structurally connected. 41 It is not clear if the increased functional connectivity reflects loss of selective activation or develops as a form of compensation for the loss of motor cortical circuits.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Lateral Sclerosis

et al. 2015

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Synopsis Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is characterized by insidious onset of progressive upper motor neuron dysfunction in the absence of clinical signs of lower motor neuron involvement. Patients experience stiffness, decreased balance and coordination, and mild weakness, and if the bulbar region is affected, difficulty speaking and swallowing, and emotional lability. The diagnosis is made based on clinical history, typical exam findings, and diagnostic testing negative for other causes of upper motor neuron dysfunction. EMG is normal, or only shows mild neurogenic findings in a few muscles, not meeting El Escorial criteria. Although no test is specific for PLS, some neurodiagnostic tests are supportive: including absent or delayed central motor conduction times; and changes in the precentral gyrus or corticospinal tracts on MRI, DTI or MR Spectroscopy. Treatment is largely supportive, and includes medications for spasticity, baclofen pump, and treatment for pseudobulbar affect. The prognosis in PLS is more benign than ALS, making this a useful diagnostic category.

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Cerebro-cerebellar connectivity is increased in primary lateral sclerosis

Cited by 40 publications

References 65 publications

Abnormal cerebral microstructures revealed by diffusion kurtosis imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abnormal cerebral microstructures revealed by diffusion kurtosis imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Extraction of dynamic functional connectivity from brain grey matter and white matter for MCI classification

Primary Lateral Sclerosis

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