Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain Electrolytes Balance, and the Unsuspected Intrinsic Property of Melanin to Dissociate the Water Molecule

Herrera, Arturo Solís; Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Esparza, María del Carmen Arias; Tarasov, Vadim V.; Chubarev, Vladimir N.; Ávila-Rodriguez, Marco; Makhmutovа, Alfiya; Ganash, Magdah; Mosa, Osama F; Hafeez, Abdul; Бачурин, С. О.; Aliev, Gjumrakch

doi:10.2174/1871527317666180904093430

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The unsuspected ability of neuromelanin to transform light energy into chemical energy, by means of dissociation from water, like plants, explains the formation, reabsorption, and dynamics of the cephalospinal fluid [20].…”

Section: Oxygen In the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Central Nervous System and its Oxygen Content. Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2022

PSMPH

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Behavior and cognitive functions are results of a fine tuning of multiple neuronal synapsis and a myriad of biochemical reactions whose number, location, components, sequence, and logic are unknown.In entirely theoretical terms deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during aerobic metabolism are neutralized by the antioxidant systems and in this manner the brain effectively regulates its oxygen consumption and redox generation capacity.The knowledge about the metabolic processes of the CNS is so elementary, so theoretical, that only in the previous paragraph we find two notable errors: aerobic metabolism and oxygen consumption.The phrase aerobic metabolism refers to the fact that the oxygen contained in any tissue of the human organism, such as the CNS, comes from the air that surrounds us, since it is supposedly absorbed through the lungs and reaches the bloodstream to be distributed to all the cells of the organism.However, since 1850 researchers of the stature of Christian Bohr, Carl Ludwig, and Halender, published works in which, according to their experiments, the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen through the pulmonary alveoli could not explain the enormous difference between the concentration of atmospheric oxygen, which ranges between 19 and 21%, and the % SpO 2 in the blood that reaches values of 98 and 99% [1].It was precisely the search for the mechanism that would explain such a difference between oxygen in the atmosphere and blood oxygen, which led these researchers to publish that there was no such thing, and that diffusion alone did not explain such a difference.Unfortunately, at that time, the work of Krogh appeared [2] who, by means of a theoretical mathematical model, apparently simple, explained the unlikely passage of atmospheric oxygen to the bloodstream through the pulmonary alveoli. Krogh's lung gas exchange model has been the foundation of respiratory physiology for the past 100 years even though the mathematical concepts it handles are so far-fetched that they cannot even be experimentally contrasted. PriMera Scientific Medicine and Public Health https://primerascientific.com/psmph The Central Nervous System and its Oxygen Content. Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases 31Krogh's original model has been modified and something like 100 equations have been added to try to explain the supposed passage of atmospheric oxygen to the bloodstream through the pulmonary alveoli, but even so, the experimental results do not square with the predictions of such a model. So, research and care for patients during the past 100 years has been based on eminently theoretical models.So, returning to the phrase "aerobic metabolism of the CNS", we have the surprise that it is wrong because the oxygen we have inside the body does not come from the air that surrounds us but from the water that contains inside each cell that conforms us.

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Section: Oxygen In the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Central Nervous System and its Oxygen Content. Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2022

PSMPH

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“…Apart from providing a physical “shock absorber” for the brain, the CSF also nourishes the brain with nutrients and serves to remove metabolic byproducts from the brain (Herrera et al, 2018; Spector et al, 2015; Tumani et al, 2017). During the production of CSF, certain elements—cells, electrolytes, and proteins—are actively excreted into the CSF, while others are filtered so that they are decreased, or non‐existent, in the CSF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood profiles of transfer RNA fragments show age, sex, and Parkinson's disease‐related changes

Paldor

Madrer

Vaknine

et al. 2022

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…Apart from providing a physical "shock absorber" for the brain, the CSF also nourishes the brain with nutrients, and serves to remove metabolic byproducts from the brain (Spector et al 2015;Herrera et al 2018;Tumani et al 2017). During the production of CSF, certain elementscells, electrolytes and proteins -are actively excreted into the CSF, while others are filtered so that they are decreased, or nonexistent, in the CSF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from providing a physical “shock absorber” for the brain, the CSF also nourishes the brain with nutrients, and serves to remove metabolic byproducts from the brain (Spector et al . 2015; Herrera et al . 2018; Tumani et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood profiles of transfer RNA fragments show age, sex and Parkinson’s disease-related changes

Paldor

Madrer

Vaknine

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) have recently been shown to be an important family of small regulatory RNAs with diverse functions. Recent reports have revealed modified tRF blood levels in a number of nervous system conditions including epilepsy, ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about tRF levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To address this issue, we studied age, sex and Parkinsons disease (PD) distributions of tRFs in the CSF and blood data of PD patients and healthy controls from the NIH and the PPMI small RNA-seq datasets. The higher levels of long tRFs were found in the CSF than in the blood. Furthermore, the CSF showed pronounced age-associated declines of the level of 3prime-tRFs and i-tRFs and more pronounced differences between the sexes. Blood showed moderate elevation of 3prime-tFs levels with age. In addition, different distinct sets of tRFs segregated PD patients from controls in the CSF and in the blood. Finally, we found enrichment of tRFs predicted to target cholinergic mRNAs (Cholino-tRFs) in the mitochondrial originated tRFs, raising the possibility that the neurodegeneration-related mitochondrial impairment may lead to deregulation of cholinergic tone. Our findings suggest that CSF expressed tRFs are not a mirror of blood tRFs but rather potentially reflect the cerebral changes. Further, both CSF and blood present modified levels of tRFs in a sex-, age-and disease-related manner, calling for including this important subset of small RNA regulators to future studies.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain Electrolytes Balance, and the Unsuspected Intrinsic Property of Melanin to Dissociate the Water Molecule

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

The Central Nervous System and its Oxygen Content. Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases

The Central Nervous System and its Oxygen Content. Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood profiles of transfer RNA fragments show age, sex, and Parkinson's disease‐related changes

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood profiles of transfer RNA fragments show age, sex and Parkinson’s disease-related changes

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