Cerebrospinal fluid immune markers and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments: A systematic review

Williams, Monray E.; Stein, Dan J.; Joska, John A.; Naudé, Petrus J.W.

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577649

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…sCD163 is an immune indicator for monocyte activation [39] and therefore highlights the relevance of an activated immune system in pediatric HIV populations. In recent systematic reviews conducted by our group, peripheral [40] and CSF sCD163 levels [41] were consistently associated with neurocognitive impairment in adults living with HIV. HIV-1 invades the CNS through infected monocytes and the activity of the HIV-1 within the CNS significantly dysregulates the immune response [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Immune Dysregulation Is Associated with Neurodevelopment and Neurocognitive Performance in HIV Pediatric Populations—A Scoping Review

Williams

Rensburg

Loots

et al. 2021

Viruses

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HIV-1 is known for its complex interaction with the dysregulated immune system and is responsible for the development of neurocognitive deficits and neurodevelopmental delays in pediatric HIV populations. Considering that HIV-1-induced immune dysregulation and its association with neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive impairments in pediatric populations are not well understood, we conducted a scoping review on this topic. The study aimed to systematically review the association of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune markers with neurocognitive deficits and neurodevelopmental delays in pediatric HIV populations. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using a search protocol designed specifically for this study. Studies were selected based on a set eligibility criterion. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were assessed by two independent reviewers. Data from the selected studies were extracted and analyzed by two independent reviewers. Seven studies were considered eligible for use in this context, which included four cross-sectional and three longitudinal studies. An average of 130 (±70.61) children living with HIV, 138 (±65.37) children exposed to HIV but uninfected and 90 (±86.66) HIV-negative participants were included across the seven studies. Results indicate that blood and CSF immune markers are associated with neurocognitive development/performance in pediatric HIV populations. Only seven studies met the inclusion criteria, therefore, these limited the number of significant conclusions which could have been made by using such an approach. All considered, the evidence suggests that immune dysregulation, as in the case of adult HIV populations, also has a significant association with neurocognitive performance in pediatric HIV populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Immune Dysregulation Is Associated with Neurodevelopment and Neurocognitive Performance in HIV Pediatric Populations—A Scoping Review

Williams

Rensburg

Loots

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…However, monocytes and tissue macrophages are also susceptible to infection with HIVor SIV and are a major contributor in the establishment of tissue reservoirs (22)(23)(24)36,42). In addition to being an integral component of the viral reservoir in the CNS, neuroinflammation leading to cognitive impairment is mediated by monocyte activation (7). Monocytes are similarly critical effectors in the systemic inflammatory response that persists during chronic HIVand SIV infection and contribute to the clinical symptoms seen in PWH, with tissue factor expression on persistently activated monocytes in PWH on ART specifically associated with coagulopathies (20,70).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of single housing on innate immune activation in SIV-infected pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) as a model of psychosocial stress in acute HIV infection

Castell

Guerrero-Martin

Rubin

et al. 2022

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Objective: Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques recapitulates many aspects of HIV pathogenesis and is similarly affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Psychosocial stress is associated with immune system dysregulation and worse clinical outcomes in people with HIV. This study assessed the impact of single housing, as a model of psychosocial stress, on innate immune responses of pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) during acute SIV infection. Methods: A retrospective analysis of acute SIV infection of 2-to si6-year-old male pigtailed macaques was performed to compare the innate immune responses of socially (n = 41) and singly (n = 35) housed animals. Measures included absolute monocyte count and subsets, and in a subset (n ≤ 18) platelet counts and activation data. Results: SIV infection resulted in the expected innate immune parameter changes with a modulating effect from housing condition. Monocyte number increased after infection for both groups, driven by classical monocytes (CD14 + CD16 − ), with a greater increase in socially housed animals (227%, p < .001, by day 14 compared with preinoculation time points). Platelet numbers recovered more quickly in the socially housed animals. Platelet activation (P-selectin) increased by 65% ( p = .004) and major histocompatibility complex class I surface expression by 40% ( p = .009) from preinoculation only in socially housed animals, whereas no change in these measures occurred in singly housed animals. Conclusions: Chronic psychosocial stress produced by single housing may play an immunomodulatory role in the innate immune response to acute retroviral infection. Dysregulated innate immunity could be one of the pathways by which psychosocial stress contributes to immune suppression and increased disease severity in people with HIV.

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“…Despite strong evidence for virus persistence in the CNS, there are also robust findings to support nonviral mechanisms contributing to HAND. Original studies suggested that HAND might correlate more strongly with systemic inflammation and CNS inflammation than with the expression of HIV-1 RNA or viral antigens in the CNS, implying that systemic inflammation, rather than viral persistence in the brain, might be one of the primary drivers of HAND [11,27,28].…”

Section: Multiple Origins Of Neuroinflammation During Handmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of HIV-1 latency in promoting neuroinflammation and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder

Sreeram

García-Mesa

et al. 2022

Trends in Immunology

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Cerebrospinal fluid immune markers and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments: A systematic review

Cited by 31 publications

References 83 publications

Immune Dysregulation Is Associated with Neurodevelopment and Neurocognitive Performance in HIV Pediatric Populations—A Scoping Review

Immune Dysregulation Is Associated with Neurodevelopment and Neurocognitive Performance in HIV Pediatric Populations—A Scoping Review

Effect of single housing on innate immune activation in SIV-infected pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) as a model of psychosocial stress in acute HIV infection

The potential role of HIV-1 latency in promoting neuroinflammation and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder

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