Cerebrospinal fluid production rates determined by simultaneous albumin and inulin perfusion

Curran, Robert Emmett; Mosher, Michael B.; Owens, Ernest S.; Fenstermacher, Joseph D.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(70)90079-8

Cited by 43 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…(1) The CSF sampling compartment most likely included the third ventricle. The rate of collection of CSF was nearly the same as the mean rates of CSF production in the rhesus monkey, approximately 1.7-2.0ml/h [49,50]. Therefore, CSF collected would have come most recently from the frontal horn, ventricular body and third ventricle, the latter adjacent to the hypothalamus and a site of CSF production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Diurnal fluctuation in levels of histamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkey

Prell

Khandelwal²,

Burns³

et al. 1989

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In samples of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that were collected from a conscious, restrained rhesus monkey at intervals of 30 90 min, levels of the histamine metabolites, tele-methylhistamine (t-MH) and tele-methylimidazoleacetic acid (t-MIAA), were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Levels of t-MH and t-MIAA each showed time-related fluctuations. Peak and trough concentrations of t-MIAA, the product of t-MH, paralleled, but lagged about 2 h behind, the levels of t-MH. Within the first 3 h of illumination, metabolite levels increased more than 3-fold; they fell sharply within the first 3 h of darkness. Mean levels of t-MH and t-MIAA were significantly higher during periods of illumination than of darkness. Fluctuations in the levels of pros-methylimidazoleacetic acid (p-MIAA), an endogenous isomer of t-MIAA that is not a histamine metabolite, were markedly different from those of t-MH or t-MIAA; p-MIAA levels peaked only at the middle of the dark period. The time-related fluctuations in levels of t-MH and t-MIAA, but not p-MIAA, are similar to the daily rhythmic changes observed in monkey CSF for the levels of other central neurotransmitters and peptide neurohormones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Diurnal fluctuation in levels of histamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkey

Prell

Khandelwal²,

Burns³

et al. 1989

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“…On the other hand, some reports suggest that dexamethasone and other glucocorticosteroids quickly enter the brain to affect membrane permeability. Within minutes after injecting labeled cortisol intravenously, Schwartz,et al,~2 found that it accumulated in high concentration in the choroid plexus. In addition, Eisenberg, et al ? have shown that dexamethasone diminishes both the increased uptake of water and the increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier to albumin in the thalamus of cats made to convulse with pentylentetrazol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dexamethasone on the rate of formation of cerebrospinal fluid in the monkey

Martins¹,

Ramirez²,

Solomon³

et al. 1974

Journal of Neurosurgery

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✓ The standard ventriculocisternal perfusion technique was used to determine what effect a single large intravenous dose of dexamethasone would have on CSF formation rate in the rhesus monkey over a 4-hour period. Three monkeys received 0.15 mg/kg, four received 0.4 mg/kg and five served as the untreated controls. With time, CSF formation rates decreased in both treated and control groups. The magnitude of the decrease in the treated and untreated controls did not differ significantly. We conclude that the therapeutic benefit of dexamethasone for intracranial spatial decompensation derives from a mechanism of action that leaves the rate of CSF formation unchanged.

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“…Finally the protein, once released from the polymer, must be able to distribute through the tissue and reach the target cells in quantities sufficient to bring about the desired physiological effect. The limited ability of proteins to penetrate brain tissue has been documented in several studies [14,[17][18][19]; these findings suggest that controlled release devices used to treat nervous system disorders will need to be placed within a short distance of the desired site of action, unless new methods for enhancing protein penetration can be found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of nerve growth factor in controlled release polymers and in tissue

Krewson

Dause

Mak

et al. 1997

Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition

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We have studied the release of nerve growth factor (NGF), a protein under consideration for treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, from polymer matrices and microspheres to characterize the stability of NGF, the dynamics of NGF release, and the distribution of NGF within the brain interstitium. Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVAc) disks and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) microspheres were formed by codispersing NGF with one of a variety of molecules. The mass of mouse NGF (mNGF) detected following release from EVAc disks into buffered saline varied five-fold over the range of codispersants studied, with carboxymethyldextran providing optimal release, while the mass of recombinant human NGF (rhNGF) released varied four-fold from both EVAc disks and PLA microspheres, with albumin and carboxymethyldextran providing optimal release. Variation of the codispersant species significantly affected NGF release into buffered saline; it also had a noticeable, but small, effect of the amount of NGF found in the brain tissue following implantation of a polymer device. To improve NGF retention in tissue, NGF was conjugated to 70 000 molecular weight dextran and incorporated into a polymeric device. The distribution of NGF was enhanced by conjugation; comparison of NGF concentrations in the brain to a mathematical model of diffusion and elimination suggested that the elimination rate of NGF-dextran conjugate in the tissue was over seven times slower than the elimination rate of NGF. These results indicate that variation of the properties of the controlled release system may be useful in regulating the time course of NGF delivery to tissue, and that modification of the NGF itself can improve penetration and retention in the brain.

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Cerebrospinal fluid production rates determined by simultaneous albumin and inulin perfusion

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Diurnal fluctuation in levels of histamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkey

Diurnal fluctuation in levels of histamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkey

The effect of dexamethasone on the rate of formation of cerebrospinal fluid in the monkey

Stabilization of nerve growth factor in controlled release polymers and in tissue

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