Ceria based catalyst for cathode in non-aqueous electrolyte based Li/O₂batteries

Abstract

This study suggests combustion synthesized Ce(1-x)Zr(x)O(2) (CZO; x = 0.1-0.5) as a new catalyst for the cathode in non-aqueous electrolyte based Li/O(2) cells. The spherical catalysts have a fluorite structure with a mean diameter of 5-17 nm. Zr doping into the ceria lattice leads to the reduction of Ce(4+) to Ce(3+), which further improves the catalyst performance. Electrochemical studies of CZO as a cathode catalyst in the Li/O(2) cell show that CZO follows a two-electron pathway for oxygen reduction. A maximum discharge capacity of 1620 mAh g(-1) is obtained for the Ce(0.8)Zr(0.2)O(2) catalyst due to its high surface area and porosity. A composite of CZO and MnO(2) shows even better performance as a cathode catalyst for the Li/O(2) cell.

B2O3-added lithium aluminium germanium phosphate solid electrolyte for Li–O2rechargeable batteries

“…The obtained charge-discharge profiles are given in Fig.7a. The discharge plateau voltage of 2.65 V measured for the Li-O 2 cell containing the pristine LAGP glass ceramic was slightly lower than the discharge voltage for the cell containing a liquid electrolyte reported in ref 20…”

Nanostructured doped ceria for catalytic oxygen reduction and Li2O2oxidation in non-aqueous electrolytes

“…18 In addition, ceria have also been used as materials for electrodes in Liion batteries, 19 supercapacitors 20 and electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction in fuel cells. [21][22][23][24][25] Furthermore, nanoparticles, spheres and octahedra of a cerium oxide, prepared by co-precipitation and a hydrothermal method, 26 and the nanoparticles of Al-doped ceria 27 and Zrdoped ceria, 28 prepared by a chemical method, have been reported as electrocatalysts in Li-O 2 batteries containing carbonate based electrolytes. However, the Li-O 2 cell has shown a very small cycle life of 5 cycles due to the instability of the carbonate electrolyte, 28 which can produce signicant amounts of lithium carbonates and alkyl-carbonates instead of Li 2 O 2 due to the reactivity between the superoxide (an ORR immediate species) and the carbonate solvents.…”

“…[21][22][23][24][25] Furthermore, nanoparticles, spheres and octahedra of a cerium oxide, prepared by co-precipitation and a hydrothermal method, 26 and the nanoparticles of Al-doped ceria 27 and Zrdoped ceria, 28 prepared by a chemical method, have been reported as electrocatalysts in Li-O 2 batteries containing carbonate based electrolytes. However, the Li-O 2 cell has shown a very small cycle life of 5 cycles due to the instability of the carbonate electrolyte, 28 which can produce signicant amounts of lithium carbonates and alkyl-carbonates instead of Li 2 O 2 due to the reactivity between the superoxide (an ORR immediate species) and the carbonate solvents. [29][30][31] According to a recent report by McClosky, 31 the reduction in the charging voltage by a catalyst in a carbonate electrolyte is due to the activity of the catalyst towards the decomposition of the alkyl carbonates and not towards the oxidation of Li 2 O 2 .…”

Ceria Boosting on In Situ Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Oxide for Efficient Bifunctional ORR/OER Activity

“…The increase of onset potential toward higher anode due to nitrogenous graphene oxide coupling with cerium oxidecontrolled morphology with ultrafine particles is observed. The interfacial tendency of NGO and ceria with increases in atoms concentration increases the rapid charge transfer at the interfaces (Kalubarme et al, 2012). The reduction of graphene oxide and interfacing between the nitrogen and reduced form of graphene oxide retains a minor quantity of oxygen and functional containing groups at edges, and the remaining groups have a higher intrinsic activity than those terminating the flat (001) surface.…”

“…The Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ ion decoration on the outside of in situ nitrogencoupled GO was successfully utilized as the electrocatalyst material for ORR/OER. The embedding of CeO2 nanoparticles in deep on both sides of the layered surface of graphene sheets prevents the nanoparticles from accumulation, refining charge tendency, and electron conductivity (Wang et al, 2011;Kalubarme et al, 2012). The rich phase of nitrogen on graphene oxide effectively incorporates the controlled nanoparticles of ceria and facilitates the inactive sites, and a higher amount of oxygen participation with ceria transition leads to higher power production in rapid transfer, and enhanced physicochemical properties are highly motivated bifunctional oxygen reaction activity (Hummers and Offeman, 1958;Peng et al, 2016).…”