The reaction kinetics
of CO2 methanation over a highly
active 8.5% Ni/CeO2 catalyst was determined in a fixed-bed
reactor, in the absence of heat- and mass-transfer limitations. Once
the catalyst activity was stabilized, more than 120 kinetic experiments
(with varying values of reaction temperature, total pressure, space
velocity (GHSV), and partial pressure of products and reactants) were
performed. From initial reaction rates, an apparent activation energy
of 103.9 kJ mol–1 was determined, as well as the
effect of reactants (positive) and water partial pressures (negative)
on CO2 methanation rate. Three mechanistic models reported
in the literature, in which CO2 is adsorbed dissociatively
(carbon and formyl routes) or directly (formate route), were explored
for modeling the entire reaction kinetics. For that, the corresponding
rate equations were developed through the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson
(LHHW) approach. In agreement with DRIFTS experiments, formate route,
in which the hydrogenation of bicarbonate to formate is considered
to be the rate-determining step, reflects the kinetic data accurately,
operating from differential conversion to thermodynamic equilibrium.
In fact, this mechanism results in a mean deviation (D) of 10.38%. Based on previous own mechanistic studies, the participation
of two different active sites has been also considered. Formate route
on two active sites maintains a high fitting quality of experimental
data, providing kinetics parameters with a higher physical significance.
Thus, the LHHW mechanism, in which Ni0 sites as well as
oxygen vacant near to Ni-CeO2 interface participate in
CO2 methanation, is able to predict the kinetics of Ni/CeO2 catalyst accurately for a wide range of operational conditions.