Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (Nanoceria): Hopes in Soft Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Several biocompatible materials have been applied for managing soft tissue lesions; cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs, or nanoceria) are among the most promising candidates due to their outstanding properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and angiogenic activities. Much attention should be paid to the physical properties of nanoceria, since most of its biological characteristics are directly determined by some of these relevant parameters, including the particle size and shape. Nanoceria, either in bare or functionalized forms, showed the excellent capability of accelerating the healing process of both acute and chronic wounds. The skin, heart, nervous system, and ophthalmic tissues are the main targets of nanoceria-based therapies, and the other soft tissues may also be evaluated in upcoming experimental studies. For the repair and regeneration of soft tissue damage and defects, nanoceria-incorporated film, hydrogel, and nanofibrous scaffolds have been proven to be highly suitable replacements with satisfactory outcomes. Still, some concerns have remained regarding the long-term effects of nanoceria administration for human tissues and organs, such as its clearance from the vital organs. Moreover, looking at the future, it seems necessary to design and develop three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds containing nanoceria for possible use in the concepts of personalized medicine.

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: A New Therapeutic Tool in Liver Diseases

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Assessment of SnFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Potential Application in Theranostics: Synthesis, Characterization, In Vitro, and In Vivo Toxicity

“…In vivo toxicity of nanomaterials is another point of concern deserving careful investigation. In recent years, metal oxide NPs have been synthesized for medical engineering purposes, such as magnetite NPs, zinc oxide NPs, and cerium oxide NPs [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Despite the wide range of metal oxide NPs, there is a relative paucity of data about the potential side effects of these nanomaterials.…”

Nanomaterials in Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation

“…Such molecules are usually polyphenols and their derivatives, but also other compounds, from both natural and synthetic sources, have been employed with remarkable results. Ceria [79], curcumin [80], hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, such as p-coumaric and ferulic acids [81], tannic acid [82], propolis [83], natural plant extracts [84][85][86], anthocyanins [87] and many other phytochemicals within nanocomposites have been tested for their ROS scavenging activities with relevant effects, especially in the case of diabetic chronic wounds, where over-production of ROS can impair angiogenesis and results in continuous inflammation [88][89][90].…”