Certain new plant breeding techniques and their marketability in the context of EU GMO legislation – recent developments

Zimny, Tomasz; Sowa, S.; Tyczewska, Agata; Twardowski, Tomasz

doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2019.02.003

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The progress on and perspectives of genomic editing in plant breeding have already been extensively reviewed recently Pandiarajan and Grover, 2018;Zaidi et al, 2018;Eş et al, 2019;Hua et al, 2019;Mao et al, 2019;Molla and Yang, 2019;Kausch et al, 2019;Zhang YX et al, 2019;Zimny et al, 2019). Some reviews were published almost simultaneously but in different journals, and hence the key information, insights, and perspectives conveyed in these reviews overlapped to some extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene editing: an instrument for practical application of gene biology to plant breeding

Tan

et al. 2020

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Plant breeding is well recognized as one of the most important means to meet food security challenges caused by the ever-increasing world population. During the past three decades, plant breeding has been empowered by both new knowledge on trait development and regulation (e.g., functional genomics) and new technologies (e.g., biotechnologies and phenomics). Gene editing, particularly by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) and its variants, has become a powerful technology in plant research and may become a game-changer in plant breeding. Traits are conferred by coding and non-coding genes. From this perspective, we propose different editing strategies for these two types of genes. The activity of an encoded enzyme and its quantity are regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional, as well as translational and post-translational, levels. Different strategies are proposed to intervene to generate gene functional variations and consequently phenotype changes. For non-coding genes, trait modification could be achieved by regulating transcription of their own or target genes via gene editing. Also included is a scheme of protoplast editing to make gene editing more applicable in plant breeding. In summary, this review provides breeders with a host of options to translate gene biology into practical breeding strategies, i.e., to use gene editing as a mechanism to commercialize gene biology in plant breeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene editing: an instrument for practical application of gene biology to plant breeding

Tan

et al. 2020

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…In the future, targeted genome editing can be exploited to insert new genes or modify genes regulating plant–pathogen interaction at the expense of pathogens. Different to other NBTs that are based on the introduction of foreign DNA sequences in the host genome, TGE represents an innovative method that can induce specific modification in the existing genome limited to the introduction of single-point mutations [ 142 ].…”

Section: Genome Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Approaches: Gene Overexpression, Gene Silencing, and Genome Editing to Control Fungal and Oomycete Diseases in Grapevine

Capriotti

Baraldi

Mezzetti

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Downy mildew, powdery mildew, and grey mold are some of the phytopathological diseases causing economic losses in agricultural crops, including grapevine, worldwide. In the current scenario of increasing global warming, in which the massive use of agrochemicals should be limited, the management of fungal disease has become a challenge. The knowledge acquired on candidate resistant (R) genes having an active role in plant defense mechanisms has allowed numerous breeding programs to integrate these traits into selected cultivars, even though with some limits in the conservation of the proper qualitative characteristics of the original clones. Given their gene-specific mode of action, biotechnological techniques come to the aid of breeders, allowing them to generate simple and fast modifications in the host, without introducing other undesired genes. The availability of efficient gene transfer procedures in grapevine genotypes provide valid tools that support the application of new breeding techniques (NBTs). The expertise built up over the years has allowed the optimization of these techniques to overexpress genes that directly or indirectly limit fungal and oomycetes pathogens growth or silence plant susceptibility genes. Furthermore, the downregulation of pathogen genes which act as virulence effectors by exploiting the RNA interference mechanism, represents another biotechnological tool that increases plant defense. In this review, we summarize the most recent biotechnological strategies optimized and applied on Vitis species, aimed at reducing their susceptibility to the most harmful fungal and oomycetes diseases. The best strategy for combating pathogenic organisms is to exploit a holistic approach that fully integrates all these available tools.

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“…In the EU, NPBTs have fallen under the umbrella of existing (first-generation, transgenic) GM legislation (2001/18/EC) [39,40]; the decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in 2018 that directed mutagenesis is covered by this regulation has caused concern amongst the European scientific community over the impact to biotechnology investment and commercialisation prospects [41,42]. In the United States and other countries in the Americas, crops bred with NPBTs have found relatively quick routes to market where regulation is no stricter than for conventionally-bred crops [43].…”

Section: New Plant Breeding Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shotguns vs Lasers: Identifying barriers and facilitators to scaling-up plant molecular farming for high-value health products

et al. 2020

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Plant molecular farming (PMF) is a convenient and cost-effective way to produce high-value recombinant proteins that can be used in the production of a range of health products, from pharmaceutical therapeutics to cosmetic products. New plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) provide a means to enhance PMF systems more quickly and with greater precision than ever before. However, the feasibility, regulatory standing and social acceptability of both PMF and NPBTs are in question. This paper explores the perceptions of key stakeholders on two European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 programmes-Pharma-Factory and Newcotianatowards the barriers and facilitators of PMF and NPBTs in Europe. One-on-one qualitative interviews were undertaken with N = 20 individuals involved in one or both of the two projects at 16 institutions in seven countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Israel, Spain and the UK). The findings indicate that the current EU regulatory environment and the perception of the public towards biotechnology are seen as the main barriers to scaling-up PMF and NPBTs. Competition from existing systems and the lack of plant-specific regulations likewise present challenges for PMF developing beyond its current niche. However, respondents felt that the communication of the benefits and purpose of NPBT PMF could provide a platform for improving the social acceptance of genetic modification. The importance of the media in this process was highlighted. This article also uses the multi-level perspective to explore the ways in which NPBTs are being legitimated by interested parties and the systemic factors that have shaped and are continuing to shape the development of PMF in Europe. PLOS ONEPLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.The use of plants as platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins was first demonstrated in the late 1980s and early 1990s -primarily with the tobacco plant [23][24][25]. It would take over a decade for the first commercial product to be launched [8], but since that time a PLOS ONEBarriers and facilitators to scaling-up plant molecular farming PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.Barriers and facilitators to scaling-up plant molecular farming PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.

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Certain new plant breeding techniques and their marketability in the context of EU GMO legislation – recent developments

Cited by 48 publications

References 25 publications

Gene editing: an instrument for practical application of gene biology to plant breeding

Gene editing: an instrument for practical application of gene biology to plant breeding

Biotechnological Approaches: Gene Overexpression, Gene Silencing, and Genome Editing to Control Fungal and Oomycete Diseases in Grapevine

Shotguns vs Lasers: Identifying barriers and facilitators to scaling-up plant molecular farming for high-value health products

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