Ceruloplasmin and Iron Proteins in the Serum of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Backgrounds/Aims: The oxidative activity of ceruloplasmin (CP) in serum has been found to be lowered in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated whether changes in CP were reflected by altered iron parameters in AD patients. Methods: Iron parameters, and CP concentration, activity and specific activity were determined in the serum of 41 AD patients and controls. Results: CP activity and specific activity were significantly lower in the AD patients. CP concentration and activity were negatively correlated with the ferritin concentration in both groups. CP concentration was positively correlated with age in the control group but not in the patients group. Conclusion: The lowered CP activity in the serum of AD patients was not reflected by the iron parameters. As CP concentration only rises with age in the controls, this may indicate failing adaption to age-related alterations in iron metabolism in AD patients.

PON-1 and ferroxidase activities in older patients with mild cognitive impairment, late onset Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia

“…Besides, emerging in vitro evidence have demonstrated that Cp may enhance the oxidation of DNA [50] and LDL, both by intact Cp [51] and after release of redox-active copper by low pH [52]. The aforementioned factors influencing the antioxidant properties of Cp may account for the lack of association regarding this marker, and for the discrepancies with the other few small studies on this topic [26][27][28].…”

“…Nevertheless, this thesis has not been definitely confirmed by solid epidemiological data, mainly because of important methodological limitations (i.e., small sample size, lack of consideration of important confounding factors, etc.) affecting the available current literature [25][26][27][28][29][30]. In the attempt to shed light upon this still confusing and uncertain scenario, we conducted the present study dealing with the evaluation of serum paraoxonase, arylesterse, and FeOXs activity in a large sample of older individuals (n = 593) including patients affected by VAD, LOAD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively healthy controls.…”

Decrease in APP and CP mRNA expression supports impairment of iron export in Alzheimer's disease patients

“…Of notice, the significant decrease of SLC40A1 expression found in AD patients compared to controls suggested impairment in cellular Fe efflux, which could explain, at least in part, important and common features of AD pathogenesis. Several other studies have addressed the relationship between peripheral blood Fe profile and AD [38][39][40][41]. Very recently, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1813 AD patients and 2401 controls provided rigorous statistical support for the hypothesis that alteration in Fe homeostasis is underlying AD pathophysiology [42].…”

Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies

“…Thus, disorders of these two synthetic processes obviously have different causes. In the authors’ studies, care was taken to determine both Cp parameters in order to elucidate what role Cp activity might play, specifically in these diseases 13–16. The data from the two AD studies and the two PD studies of the authors are shown in Table 1.…”