Cervical cancer and duration of using hormonal contraceptives

Abstract

Aim:To address the association between the duration of using oral contraceptives and cervical cancer, excluding HPV-DNA positive women. Methods: The sample consisted of 300 women over 30 years of age with newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer who were admitted to the seven general hospitals in Tehran between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2006. The control group consisted of 319 women in the same age group admitted to the same hospitals with conditions judged to be unrelated to any of the known or suspected risk factors for cervical cancer. The main outcome measures were the duration of using oral contraceptives and risk of cervical cancer. Results: Forty-five patients versus 48 controls had ever used oral contraceptives, and the corresponding unadjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.9 (0.6-1.2). The OR of cervical cancer increased with the duration of using oral contraceptives, being 3.4 (1.2-11) for more than 20 years of use and 2.3 (1.2-5) for a use of 15-20 years, compared with less than a use of oral contraceptives for 10 years. The adjusted OR for parity and less than 8 years since they had last used oral contraceptives were 1.2 (1.08-1.4) and 1.4 (1.01-2.1) respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that parity and a duration of less than 8 years since the women last used oral contraceptives increase their risk of cervical cancer.

Is oral contraceptive use associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer? An evidence‐based meta‐analysis

“…Therefore, this process resulted in 16 studies being identified as meeting the rigid inclusion criteria (Fig. ) …”

“…The basic characteristics of selected studies in this meta‐analysis are displayed in Table . The final 16 case–control studies included 15 619 subjects (7433 cases and 8186 controls).…”

Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Breast, Cervical, Colorectal, and Endometrial Cancers: A Systematic Review

“…Twelve studies (5 good, 4 fair, 4 poor quality) evaluated the association between oral contraceptive use and cervical cancer incidence (63,65,66,69,70,73,(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87), including 2 articles from an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) study representing distinct populations (86,87). Of these, 9 were case-control studies, 3 were cohort studies, and 1 was a pooled analysis.…”

“…In populations that were not selected for HPV-positive status, 6 case-control studies representing 5,436 women (73,79,81,82,84,85) and 3 cohort studies (63,65,69) representing 3,981,072 person-years met criteria for the meta-analysis examining ever versus never oral contraceptive use. Figure 3 shows results indicating increased odds of cervical cancer for women who had ever used oral contraceptives compared with women who never used oral contraceptives (OR, 1.21; CI, 0.91-1.61), but the comparison was not significant.…”

Contraception in chronic kidney disease: a best practice position statement by the Kidney and Pregnancy Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology

“…Several epidemiological studies and a systematic review published in 2003 reported an association between HPVrelated cervical cancer and use of COCs; the data was not confirmed in a recent meta-analysis, suggesting that this association is related to the fact that condoms are seldom used in patients on CHCs, with a consequent higher incidence of HPV infections [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56].…”