Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine among Female in Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: Assessing Knowledge and Awareness

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is a major health problem for women around the world, and it is caused mainly by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV vaccine can prevent this cancer, but how much women know about the disease and the vaccine is important for getting more people vaccinated. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to look at the knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine among women in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, self-administered, cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 112 women aged 18–50 years in various cities of the Asir region. Ethical clearance was taken from the Research Ethics Committee at King Khalid University (ECM#2024-3108) prior to survey. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that covered demographics, knowledge of cervical cancer, preventive measures, and awareness of the HPV vaccine. Data were collected from September 01, 2024, to November 01, 2024. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: A majority of respondents (55.4%) believed that cervical cancer was not an incurable disease, indicating a general optimism about treatment options and potential outcomes. However, the fact that 41.1% of respondents were unsure about its curability suggested a significant gap in knowledge that could lead to hesitance in pursuing treatment or preventative measures. Moreover, an overwhelming 95.5% of respondents correctly identified that cervical cancer was not contagious, reflecting a strong understanding of its noncommunicable nature. The data pointed to a critical deficiency in educational outreach, with 82.1% of respondents indicating that their schools did not provide education on HPV, its vaccinations, or methods of prevention. Conclusions: There is some optimism and understanding about the general nature of cervical cancer, but substantial gaps in knowledge remain, particularly concerning its curability and prevention. There is a clear need for targeted educational programs that focus on raising awareness about HPV, vaccination, and cervical cancer prevention. By improving education in schools and the broader community, as well as providing accessible information on treatment and prevention, public health initiatives can empower women to make informed decisions and ultimately reduce the incidence of cervical cancer in the region.