“…In most literature, the classification of Pap smear images consists of a binary separation between normal and abnormal cell (two classes), using different methodologies such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) ( Chen et al, 2014 ; Chankong, Theera-Umpon & Auephanwiriyakul, 2014 ; Kashyap et al, 2016 ; Bora et al, 2017 ), k -Nearest Neighbours (kNN) ( Chankong, Theera-Umpon & Auephanwiriyakul, 2014 ; Bora et al, 2017 ; Marinakis, Dounias & Jantzen, 2009 ; Fekri Ershad, 2019 ), Fuzzy c -Means Algorithm (FCM) ( Chankong, Theera-Umpon & Auephanwiriyakul, 2014 ; William et al, 2019 ), k -Means clustering ( Paul, Bhowmik & Bhattacharjee, 2015 ), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) ( Chankong, Theera-Umpon & Auephanwiriyakul, 2014 ), and, more recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) ( Zhang et al, 2017 ; Lin et al, 2019 ; Kurnianingsih et al, 2019 ).…”