Cervical cancer in low and middle‑income countries (Review)

Hull, Rodney; Mbele, Mzwandile; Makhafola, Tshepiso Jan; Hicks, Chindo; Wang, Shaoming; Reis, Rui Manuel; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mkhize‐Kwitshana, Zilungile L.; Kibiki, Gibson; Bates, David O.; Dlamini, Zodwa

doi:10.3892/ol.2020.11754

Cited by 295 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(229 reference statements)

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“…In the Middle East and North Africa, the first steps to implement national screening programmes based on visual inspection tests are being currently complete [ 82 ]. The cervical cancer screening coverage in Southern Africa ranges between 4.1 and 38.0% [ 83 ]. One preventive strategy used in South Africa was the introduction of the HPV vaccine.…”

Section: Cervical Cancer Screening Around the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines in the Postvaccination Era: Review of the Literature

Liverani

Giuseppe

Giannella

et al. 2020

Journal of Oncology

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Cervical cancer is relatively rare in high-income countries, where organized screening programs are in place, as well as opportunistic ones. As the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates increase, the prevalence of cervical precancers and cancers is going to decrease rapidly very soon, even if, in the most optimistic scenario, it is unlikely that optimal vaccination coverage will be achieved. Then, the optimal screening paradigm for cervical cancer prevention in the postvaccination era is still debated. Screening guidelines are being developed with the aim of reducing the number of tests a woman needs during her lifetime, in order to receive the maximum benefit from screening, while decreasing potential harms that may result with the use of a screening strategy (overdiagnosis, overtreatment, anxiety, and costs). With this purpose in mind, new management guidelines for cervical cancer screening abnormalities are recommendations based on risks, not on results. This review aims to summarize the process that led to the introduction of the HPV DNA test in screening programs and the different screening strategies. Moreover, it aims to introduce the new risk-based guidelines for the future, where full HPV genotyping can resize the risk on the basis of specific high-risk genotypes. In the same way, the data regarding HPV vaccination could be introduced as soon as women vaccinated with the nonavalent vaccine reach the screening age, with the recommendation of a prolonged screening interval.

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Section: Cervical Cancer Screening Around the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines in the Postvaccination Era: Review of the Literature

Liverani

Giuseppe

Giannella

et al. 2020

Journal of Oncology

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“…Effective screening programs have been introduced in many industrialized countries. However, in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), “Pap smear” programs have mainly been limited to offering the test to women present in primary health care centers and other health clinics [ 7 , 8 ]. For this reason, the current prevention programs in these countries are not having a major impact in terms of decreasing mortality [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of MicroRNAs Involved in Cervical Cancer Progression

Causin

Freitas

Filho

et al. 2021

Cells

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To obtain a better understanding on the role of microRNAs in the progression of cervical cancer, a systematic review was performed to analyze cervical cancer microRNA studies. We provide an overview of the studies investigating microRNA expression in relation to cervical cancer (CC) progression, highlighting their common outcomes and target gene interactions according to the regulatory pathways. To achieve this, we systematically searched through PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for all articles between April 2010 and April 2020, in accordance with the PICO acronym (participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes). From 27 published reports, totaling 1721 cases and 1361 noncancerous control tissue samples, 26 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified in different International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages of cervical cancer development. It was identified that some of the dysregulated microRNAs were associated with specific stages of cervical cancer development. The results indicated that DEmiRNAs in different stages of cervical cancer were functionally involved in several key hallmarks of cancer, such as evading growth suppressors, enabling replicative immortality, activation of invasion and metastasis, resisting cell death, and sustained proliferative signaling. These dysregulated microRNAs could play an important role in cervical cancer’s development. Some of the stage-specific microRNAs can also be used as biomarkers for cancer classification and monitoring the progression of cervical cancer.

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“…O câncer do colo do útero é ainda um importante problema de saúde pública no mundo. Sua incidência e mortalidade são maiores nos países de menor renda 1 . Neles, predominam ações de rastreamento caracterizadas como oportunísticas, nas quais o rastreio é ofertado quando as mulheres acessam os serviços de saúde por outros motivos 2 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análise dos Motivos de Insatisfatoriedade dos Exames Histopatológicos do Colo do Útero no Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, 2014 a 2017

Claro

Araujo

Migowski

et al. 2021

Rev. Bras. Cancerol.

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Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero é ainda um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. A qualidade dos exames de rastreio e de confirmação diagnóstica são fundamentais para que as ações de controle do câncer alcancem efetivo impacto sobre a mortalidade. Objetivo: Analisar as informações registradas no campo descritivo dos motivos da insatisfatoriedade dos exames histopatológicos do colo do útero. Método: Estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema de Informação do Câncer (SISCAN) de mulheres que realizaram exame histopatológico do colo do útero no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no período de 2014 a 2017. Foram analisados 1.236 exames histopatológicos do colo do útero. Os motivos de insatisfatoriedade especificados no campo descritivo foram analisados, reclassificados e, quando pertinente, foram redistribuídos nos campos existentes para exames satisfatórios. Resultados: Foram classificados incorretamente como ‘insatisfatório’ 262 exames (21,2%), dos quais, 11,25% foram reclassificados como lesão de caráter benigno, 5,91% como lesão de alto grau, 1,46% como carcinoma, 0,24% como adenocarcinoma e 0,24% como adenocarcinoma in situ. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou um percentual expressivo de erros nos laudos classificados como insatisfatórios no SUS, apontando a necessidade de capacitar profissionais que emitem laudo histopatológico de forma a evitar erros diagnósticos.

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Cervical cancer in low and middle‑income countries (Review)

Cited by 295 publications

References 139 publications

Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines in the Postvaccination Era: Review of the Literature

Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines in the Postvaccination Era: Review of the Literature

A Systematic Review of MicroRNAs Involved in Cervical Cancer Progression

Análise dos Motivos de Insatisfatoriedade dos Exames Histopatológicos do Colo do Útero no Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, 2014 a 2017

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