Cervical cancer screening for PLWHIV; experiences from an innovative cervical screening and treatment program in Nigeria

Abstract

We evaluated cervical cancer program for women living with HIV (WLHIV) to determine program screening rate, primary case finder screening accuracy and treatment and post-treatment screening rate among screen-positive patients. Methods A one-year review of cervical cancer program data among WLHIV aged 15-49 years on HIV care across forty-one comprehensive ART sites supported by APIN (a PEPFAR implementing partner) in Nigeria was conducted from October 2020 to July 2021. Initial screening was done using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) followed by a gynaecologist expert review through a program-designed software named AVIVA, as a confirmatory test. Associations were measured between the primary case finder screening accuracy and study covariates at p-value of 0.05. Results About 10,289 asymptomatic women aged 15-49 years living with HIV were screened for cervical cancer by primary case finders using VIA-based screening test. 732 (7.1%) had a positive screening test suggestive of precancerous lesions or cervical cancer. 315 (43.0%) of VIA positive women had treatment using thermal ablation and less than one-third (21.6%) of those treated came back for post-treatment screening test. Primary case finder screening sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive accuracy using gynaecologist review as confirmatory test were 60.8%, 71.5%, 41.7% and 84.5% respectively. Overall screening accuracy was 68.8%. Conclusion and Recommendation This innovative approach to cervical cancer screening among WLHIV yielded modest results in preventing program error and wastages. Wider deployment of expert-based reviews of VIA though AVIVA software might be a veritable approach to improve screening accuracy in low resource settings.

Cervical Cancer Screening Outcomes for HIV-positive Women in the Lubombo and Manzini regions of Eswatini – Prevalence and Predictors of a Positive Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) Screen

“…WLHIV having a much higher rate of 53.3% [18]. In Nigeria, a study using program data found a VIA positivity rate of 7.1% [19]. In another study assessing HPV testing for WLHIV, 46.5% in Burkina Faso and 43.8% in South Africa had a positive HPV test [20].…”