Cervical cancer screening policies and coverage in Europe

Anttila, Ahti; Karsa, Lawrence von; Aasmaa, Auni; Fender, Murielle; Patnick, Julietta; Rebolj, Matejka; Nicula, Florian; Vass, László; Valerianova, Z.; Voti, Lydia; Sauvaget, Catherine; Ronco, Guglielmo

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2009.07.020

Cited by 139 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Moreover, the 5-year coverage of any Pap test within or outside the organised programme appears higher than reported for any other country. 6,10 The Our study confirms previous finding on the high overall Pap test use and coverage in Finland. 5 It also adds to the information about the age pattern in coverage and the frequency and cost of opportunistic Pap testing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…6,21 In countries starting the programme at age 23-25 years and having a 3-year interval (e.g., other Nordic countries and England), the overall use of Pap tests may be fairly similar to our country. 6,21,22 In the Netherlands, all women aged 30-60 years are invited to an organised screening test every 5 years. Because opportunistic tests are rare, 23 the overall number of Pap tests per female population is clearly smaller than in Finland: 790,000 annual Pap tests, which is only 1.7-fold in a 2.8-fold target population as compared to Finland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Divergent coverage, frequency and costs of organised and opportunistic Pap testing in Finland

Salo

Nieminen

Kilpi

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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We evaluated the overall coverage, frequency and costs of Pap testing by screening modality and health care provider in Finland. Information about Pap testing in the Finnish female population of 2.7 million was obtained from nationwide populationbased registry data. Among women aged 25-69 years, 87% had had a Pap test taken within or outside the organised programme at least once during the last 5 years and half of those screened in the organised programme had also had at least one Pap test taken outside the programme. Of the annual average of 530,000 Pap tests taken, 84% were taken for screening purposes and 16% as follow-up. Forty percent of the 446,000 annual screening tests were taken in the organised programme, 55% as opportunistic tests in public primary or student health care or by private providers and 5% in public secondary health care. One-fifth of all opportunistic screening Pap tests were taken from women aged <25. The voluminous opportunistic Pap testing in public primary health care was concentrated in young women aged 25-29 whereas the bulk of opportunistic testing in private health occurred in age groups eligible for organised screening. The total cost of all screening Pap tests was e22.4 million, of which 71% incurred in opportunistic screening. Of the 84,000 annual follow-up Pap tests and their e8.3 million total costs,~60% incurred in organised screening or in secondary health care.The organised screening programme for cervical cancer in Finland was started in the 1960s. 1 Within the programme women between 30 and 60 years of age are invited for screening every 5 years. 2 In addition, some municipalities invite also women aged 25 and/or 65 years. 3 The overall attendance rate to organised screening has been 70% with some variation by age and region. All Pap tests taken in the organised programme, including their results, are registered in the Mass Screening Registry. 4 Pap testing outside the organised programme is frequent but is not registered centrally. Until now, only survey data have been available to estimate the volume of such opportunistic testing and its impact on the incidence of cervical cancer. [5][6][7][8] According to the national guidelines in Finland, screening for cervical cancer should only take place every 5 years within the organised, population-based programme. 9 The effectiveness of this policy has been shown in several cohort and case-control studies. 10 The national guidelines recommend that asymptomatic women below age 25 should not be screened because of a negligible cancer risk. Moreover, organised screening in this age group has not shown to be effective. 11 The majority of new lesions in young women are known to regress spontaneously and because of the long average duration of the precancerous stages the few emerging precancers can be treated timely. 12-14 Previous reports suggest that the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of organised screening is appropriate. 15,16 However, the role of opportunistic Pap testing in overall screening has remained unknown due to l...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Divergent coverage, frequency and costs of organised and opportunistic Pap testing in Finland

Salo

Nieminen

Kilpi

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Assumingly, such outcomes result from the better organization of their programs, although they also have gaps to be filled and improvements to be put in place [45] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policies and Programs for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control in Public Health Services

Sperling¹,

Coser

2018

Int J Innov Educ Res

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Aim: analyzing and assessing the scientific evidences about Health Services Administration through the practice of cervical cancer prevention programs and policies. Methodology: integrative literature review carried out in September/October 2017. Electronic search for publications in databases such as PubMed, Portal Periódicos CAPES, BVS, EBSCO and SciELO. Results and Discussion: eighteen articles approaching the topic were selected and their analyses resulted in the following thematic axes: Organization of cervical cancer prevention and control policies/programs, Follow-up and monitoring of actions taken and Quality Management of Cytopathological exams for diagnostic and treatment. There were differences between programs in the country, either in their recommendations or in their effectiveness. Final considerations: investments must be done in order to qualify technical procedures and involved health professionals, as well as to support health education in the target population. Policies and Programs for

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“…Although a population-based policy for screening has been adopted by several EU member states, at the moment, key elements of the comprehensive recommendations on program implementation are not fulfilled by many European countries (Table 3; ref. 17). Substantial reductions in incidence and mortality, observed in United Kingdom, Finland and Iceland, correlated with the level of implementation of organized screening (18).…”

Section: Cervical Cancer Screening Practices In Countries Of Eumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the incidence of cervical cancer in Slovenia decreased for 40% in the period from 2003 to 2009. Although Hungary also implemented organized screening in 2004, the country is still struggling with low coverage of target population in organized settings and more than 60% attendance outside the program (17).…”

Section: Cervical Cancer Screening Practices In Countries Of Eumentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Cancer Burden and Prevention Activities in Europe

Kesić

Poljak

Rogovskaya

2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Cervical cancer is an important public health care problem in Europe. The overall incidence rate of cervical cancer in Europe is 10.6 per 100,000. However, within Europe, the incidence rates significantly differ, being lower in Western Europe where prevention programs are better developed. Significantly higher are the incidence and mortality rates in Central and Eastern Europe, being in close correlation to the intensity of organized screening. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are being delivered to the low-incidence populations that already have extensive screening programs, whereas the high-incidence countries have not implemented the vaccination programs yet. The resolution of the problem of cervical cancer control in Europe will be a matter of the implementation of public health care programs across the whole continent. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(9); 1423-33. Ó2012 AACR.

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Cervical cancer screening policies and coverage in Europe

Cited by 139 publications

References 24 publications

Divergent coverage, frequency and costs of organised and opportunistic Pap testing in Finland

Divergent coverage, frequency and costs of organised and opportunistic Pap testing in Finland

Policies and Programs for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control in Public Health Services

Cervical Cancer Burden and Prevention Activities in Europe

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