Cervical cancer screening: state of the art

Valdespino, Victor; Valdespino, Victor E

doi:10.1097/01.gco.0000192971.59943.89

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Screening programs in developed countries have reduced the incidence and prevalence of cervical cancer in these areas, but developing countries often do not have the resources for these programs (1). The result is that 80% of cervical cancer cases now occur in developing countries (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and risk of cervical cancer: A case-control study

et al. 2011

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Abstract. In this report, we describe a case control study in a Chinese population aimed at identifying possible associations between susceptibility to cervical cancer and single nucleotide polymorphisms in XRCC1 194C>T, XRCC1 280G>A, XRCC1 399G>A, ERCC2 751A>C , ERCC2 156C>A, ERCC1 118C>T, PARP1 762T>C , RAD51 135G>C and HER2 655A>G. The cases comprised 154 patients: 80 cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 2 adenocarcinomas and 72 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs). A total of 177 healthy women were recruited as the controls. A significant association was found between ERCC1 118C>T and SCC in the additive genetic model [odds ratio (OR)=1.711; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.089-2.880; p=0.021] and the dominant genetic model (OR=1.947; 95% CI, 1.056-3.590; p=0.033). Among women with a smoking family member, ERCC1 118C>T increased SCC risk in the additive model (OR=2.800; 95% CI, 1.314-5.968; p= 0.008). For women who had first intercourse before 22 years of age, XRCC1 280G>A was found to act as a protective factor for SCC under the additive model (OR=0.228; 95% CI, 0.058-0.900; p=0.035), while RAD51 135G>C was a risk factor for CIN (OR=4.246; 95% CI, 1.335-13.502; p=0.014). For women who had first intercourse after 22 years of age, the additive genetic model showed RAD51 135G>C (OR=0.359; 95% CI, 0.138-0.934; p=0.036) and HER2 655A>G (OR=0.309; 95% CI, 0.098-0.972; p=0.045) to be protective factors for SCC. XRCC1 399G>A increased CIN risk among women who first gave birth before the age of 22 in the additive genetic model (OR=4.459; 95% CI, 1.139-17.453; p=0.032). For those who first gave birth after age 22, ERCC1 118C>T was found to be a risk factor for SCC in the additive genetic model (OR=1.884; 95% CI, 1.088-3.264; p=0.024). A significant interaction was observed between RAD51 135G>C and age at first intercourse (p interaction =0.033 for SCC, p interaction =0.021 for CIN), as well with sexual partner number (p interaction =0.001 for SCC). The interaction between HER2 655A>G and age at first intercourse, ERCC2 156C>A and family smoking status and XRCC1 280G>A and alcohol consumption were significant, with p interaction =0.023 for SCC, p interaction =0.021 for CIN and p interaction =0.025 for SCC, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and risk of cervical cancer: A case-control study

et al. 2011

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“…Pap smears are the most common and inexpensive method of screening for cervical cancer. 1,2 Since most cancers arise in epithelial tissues, exfoliated epithelial cells may be particularly useful for monitoring patients who are exposed to risk factors. 3 Epidemiological evidence indicates that in most cervical cancer patients, squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histological type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of micronuclei in exfoliated uterine cervical cells from patients with risk factors for cervical cancer

et al. 2008

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Pap smears are the most common and inexpensive screening method for cervical cancer. We analyzed micronucleus prevalence in exfoliated cervical mucosa cells, to investigate associations between increased numbers of micronuclei and risk factors for cervical cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study, at Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia (IPON). METHODS: Exfoliated cervical cells were obtained from 101 patients between September 2004 and November 2005. Patients' ages, habits (passive or active smoking, alcoholism and numbers of sexual partners), age at first sexual intercourse, contraceptive methods used, histories of sexually transmitted diseases, use of hormone replacement therapy, numbers of pregnancies and abortions, inflammatory cytology and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were obtained. Cells were collected using Ayre spatulas, transferred to vials containing 0.9% saline solution for micronucleus tests and analyzed at 1000x magnification. The number of micronuclei in 1,000 epithelial cells per patient sample was counted. RESULTS: Comparisons between groups with active (7.9 ± 7.8) and passive (7.2 ± 10.6) smoking versus no smoking (3.7 ± 5.1); with/without alcoholism (7.8 ± 1.4 and 6.9 ± 10.1); with/without inflammatory cytology (10.7 ± 10.5 and 1.3 ± 1.7); and with CIN I, II and III and no CIN (respectively 4.3 ± 4.3, 10.6 ± 5.3, 22.7 ± 11.9 and 1.3 ± 1.4) found elevated micronucleus prevalence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the prevalence of micronuclei in exfoliated uterine cervical cells was greater in patients with one or more risk factors for uterine cervical cancer than in patients without risk factors.

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“…Although it is a largely preventable disease, public health measures to eradicate the overwhelming cause, namely cigarette smoking, have failed, even though the association between tobacco and lung cancer was clearly understood at least since 1964 (1). Many other epithelial based cancers have been increasingly controlled by early detection through screening-such as cancer of the cervix (2) and of the skin (3)-in at-risk groups. Significant evaluation of screening for lung cancer occurred in the late 1970s using the acceptable modalities of chest radiographs, with or without sputum cytology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Lung MDCT Nodule Annotation Across Radiologists and Methods

et al. 2006

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Rationale and Objectives-Integral to the mission of the National Institutes of Health-sponsored Lung Imaging Database Consortium is the accurate definition of the spatial location of pulmonary nodules. Because the majority of small lung nodules are not resected, a reference standard from histopathology is generally unavailable. Thus assessing the source of variability in defining the spatial location of lung nodules by expert radiologists using different software tools as an alternative form of truth is necessary.Materials and Methods-The relative differences in performance of six radiologists each applying three annotation methods to the task of defining the spatial extent of 23 different lung nodules were evaluated. The variability of radiologists' spatial definitions for a nodule was measured using both volumes and probability maps (p-map). Results were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model that included nested random effects.Results-Across the combination of all nodules, volume and p-map model parameters were found to be significant at P < .05 for all methods, all radiologists, and all second-order interactions except one. The radiologist and methods variables accounted for 15% and 3.5% of the total p-map variance, respectively, and 40.4% and 31.1% of the total volume variance, respectively.Conclusion-Radiologists represent the major source of variance as compared with drawing tools independent of drawing metric used. Although the random noise component is larger for the p-map analysis than for volume estimation, the p-map analysis appears to have more power to detect differences in radiologist-method combinations. The standard deviation of the volume measurement task appears to be proportional to nodule volume.

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Cervical cancer screening: state of the art

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and risk of cervical cancer: A case-control study

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and risk of cervical cancer: A case-control study

Prevalence of micronuclei in exfoliated uterine cervical cells from patients with risk factors for cervical cancer

Evaluation of Lung MDCT Nodule Annotation Across Radiologists and Methods

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