Cervical carcinoma in Algiers, Algeria: Human papillomavirus and lifestyle risk factors

Hammouda, Doudja; Muñóz, Núbia; Herrero, Rolando; Arslan, Annie; Bouhadef, A.; Oublil, Malika; Djedeat, Belhout; B, Fontanière; Snijders, Peter J.F.; Meijer, Chris J.L.M.; Franceschi, Silvia

doi:10.1002/ijc.20600

Cited by 59 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…13 Certain characteristics associated with HPV positivity in this study coincide with the known risk factors for cervical cancer found in the INSP/IARC case-control study, 13 namely being separated or divorced, being in a polygamous marriage and reporting of husband's extramarital sexual relationships. Nulliparity, which is a protective factor for ICC, was associated with being HPV positive in the present and in previous IARC HPV Prevalence Surveys, 18 but this association is likely to be confounded by unmeasured sexual behaviour.…”

Section: Short Reportsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Human papillomavirus infection in a population‐based sample of women in Algiers, Algeria

Hammouda

Clifford

Pallardy

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

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No data exist on the population prevalence of, nor risk factors for, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the predominantly Muslim countries of Northern Africa. Cervical specimens were obtained from 759 married women aged 15-65 years from the general population of Algiers, Algeria. Liquid-based cytology and HPV DNA detection, using a GP51/61-based polymerase chain reaction assay that detects 44 HPV types, were performed according to the standardized protocol of the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV Prevalence Surveys. HPV prevalence in the general population was 6.3% (4.0% of highrisk types), with no significant variation by age. The prevalence of cervical abnormalities was 3.6%. HPV positivity was significantly higher among divorced women, women in polygamous marriages and those reporting husband's extramarital sexual relationships. HPV16/18 accounted for only 15% of HPV-positive women in the general population, compared with 77% of invasive cervical cancer diagnosed in the same city. In conclusion, we report that HPV infection among married women in Algeria is much lower than in sub-Saharan Africa and also lower than in the majority of high-resource countries.

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Section: Short Reportsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…13 Exfoliated cervical cells of these ICC cases had been tested for HPV using the same detection and typing protocol. Both studies were approved by the IARC and Algerian National ethical review committees.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomavirus infection in a population‐based sample of women in Algiers, Algeria

Hammouda

Clifford

Pallardy

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…They included a series of case-control studies on ICC from eight developing countries with a broad range of rates of incidence of cervical cancer that were pooled for analysis. Regions covered include Morocco (Chaouki et al, 1998) and Algeria (Hammouda et al, 2005) in Africa; the Philippines (Ngelangel et al, 1998), Thailand (Chichareon et al, 1998) and Madras in Asia;and Brazil (Eluf-Neto et al, 1994), Colombia (Munoz et al, 1993), Paraguay (Rolon et al, 2000) and Peru (Eluf-Neto et al, 1994) in South America. Although Spain (Munoz et al, 1993) was part of the series of case -control studies, the sexual and reproductive behaviour of this population was heterogeneous to the other countries (late AFSI and low parity) and the study site was therefore excluded from this analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early age at first sexual intercourse and early pregnancy are risk factors for cervical cancer in developing countries

et al. 2009

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Early age at first sexual intercourse (AFSI) has long been associated with an increased risk of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC). Age at first pregnancy (AFP) and ICC have been investigated less, although AFSI and AFP are strongly interrelated in most developing countries. A pooled analysis of case -control studies on ICC from eight developing countries with 1864 cases and 1719 controls investigated the roles of AFSI, AFP, and ICC risk. Age at first sexual intercourse, AFP and age at first marriage (AFM) were highly interrelated and had similar ICC risk estimates. Compared with women with AFSI X21 years, the odds ratio (OR) of ICC was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.50 -2.39) among women with AFSI 17 -20 years and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.85 -2.87) for AFSI p16 years (P-trend o0.001).No statistical interaction was detected between AFSI and any established risk factors for ICC. The ICC risk was 2.4-fold among those who reported AFSI and AFP at p16 years compared with those with AFSI and AFP at X21 years. These data confirm AFSI and AFB as risk factors for ICC in eight developing countries, but any independent effects of these two events could not be distinguished.

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“…The IARC multicentric case -control study Methods have been described earlier for the 11 individual studies carried out between 1985 and 1999 that have been included in this paper (Munoz et al, 1992;Eluf-Neto et al, 1994;Chaouki et al, 1998;Chichareon et al, 1998;Ngelangel et al, 1998;Rolon et al, 2000;Santos et al, 2001;Bayo et al, 2002;Franceschi et al, 2003;Hammouda et al, 2005). Briefly, eligible cases were residents in predefined study areas, or women attending reference hospitals with incident, histologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Control women were population based in the Spanish and Colombian studies (Munoz et al, 1992) and hospital or clinic based in other study areas. They were frequency matched by 5-year age group and did not include women admitted to hospital for cancers of the anogenital tract, breast and colon, smoking-related diseases (Munoz et al, 1992), or sexually transmitted infections (Hammouda et al, 2005). A total of 2390 control women were included between 1985 and 1999 ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the risk of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus infection by education level

et al. 2009

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BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer risk is associated with low education even in an unscreened population, but it is not clear whether human papillomavirus (HPV) infection follows the same pattern. METHODS: Two large multicentric studies (case -control studies of cervical cancer and HPV prevalence survey) including nearly 20 000 women. GP5 þ /GP6 þ PCR was used to detect HPV. RESULTS: Education level was consistently associated with cervical cancer risk (odds ratio (OR) for 0 and 45 years vs 1-5 years ¼ 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25 -1.80 and 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57 -0.82, respectively, P for trend o0.0001). In contrast, no association emerged between education level and HPV infection in either of the two IARC studies. A majority of the women studied had never had a Pap smear. The association between low education level and cervical cancer was most strongly attenuated by adjustment for age at first sexual intercourse and first pregnancy. Parity and screening history (but not lifetime number of sexual partners, husband's extramarital sexual relationships, and smoking) also seemed to be important confounding factors. CONCLUSION: The excess of cervical cancer found in women with a low socio-economic status seems, therefore, not to be explained by a concomitant excess of HPV prevalence, but rather by early events in a woman's sexually active life that may modify the cancercausing potential of HPV infection.

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Cervical carcinoma in Algiers, Algeria: Human papillomavirus and lifestyle risk factors

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Human papillomavirus infection in a population‐based sample of women in Algiers, Algeria

Human papillomavirus infection in a population‐based sample of women in Algiers, Algeria

Early age at first sexual intercourse and early pregnancy are risk factors for cervical cancer in developing countries

Differences in the risk of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus infection by education level

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