Cervical Carcinoma: Oncobiology and Biomarkers

Volkova, L. V.; Pashov, Pashov A.I.; Omelchuk, Nadezhda Nikolaevna

doi:10.3390/ijms222212571

Cited by 73 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(279 reference statements)

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“…Currently, the most widely utilized screening tests use HPV DNA and the expression of p16 protein to directly determine the HPV oncogenic risk as well as using Ki-67, a protein responsible for proliferation. Despite the significant progress that has been made in the screening and treatment of CC, it is still necessary to search for new reliable screening methods [ 9 ].…”

Section: Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Cancer Prophylaxis—State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Poniewierza¹,

Panek

2022

Healthcare

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Background: Each year 604,127 new cases of cervical cancer (CC) are diagnosed, and 341,831 individuals die from the disease. It is the fourth most common cancer among women and the fourth most common cause of death from female cancers worldwide. The pathogenesis of CC is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and consists of several steps involving cell proliferation outside the human body’s control mechanisms. Strategies to prevent CC are based on screening and vaccination. Scope of the Review: The aim of this paper was to collect and analyze the available literature on the issue of CC prevention and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its implementation. For this purpose, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using keywords, such as “cervical cancer”; “HPV”; “prevention”; “prophylaxis”; “vaccination”; “screening” and “COVID-19” in different variations. Only articles published since 2018 were included in the study. Conclusions: Selected European countries have different CC prevention programs funded by national budgets. This translates into observed differences in the risk of death from CC (age-standardized rate Malta = 1.1, Poland = 5.9). COVID-19 pandemic due to disruption of CC screening may exacerbate these differences in the future. To improve the situation, new screening methods, such as p16/Ki67, HPV self-testing, and the use of artificial intelligence in colposcopic assessment, should be disseminated, as well as free HPV vaccination programs implemented in all countries. The search for new solutions is not without significance and entails ultra-sensitive screening tests for risk groups (mRNA E6/E7, SOX1/SOX14), HPV vaccines with shorter dosing schedules, and new therapeutic pathways using nanotheranostics.

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Section: Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Cancer Prophylaxis—State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Poniewierza¹,

Panek

2022

Healthcare

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“…However, up to date, no meta-analysis studies have evaluated the accuracy of p16/Ki-67 dual-staining for the interpretation of cases with adenocarcinoma variants of the cervix. Based on the premises that p16 and/or Ki-67 could be positive in the absence of HPV infection, dual-staining could become a useful screening test in patients with rare, non-HPV related, variants of cervical cancer [ 50 , 51 ]. In our case, the patient exhibited a positive dual-staining test prior to conization.…”

Section: Discussion and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights in the Diagnosis of Rare Adenocarcinoma Variants of the Cervix—Case Report and Review of Literature

Secoşan

Balint²,

Ilian³

et al. 2022

Healthcare

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We report the case of a 29-year-old patient with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (L-SIL), negative human papilloma virus (HPV), positive p16/Ki-67 dual-staining and colposcopy suggestive for severe dysplastic lesion. The patient underwent a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), the pathology report revealing mesonephric hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. The patient also opted for non-standard fertility-sparing treatment. The trachelectomy pathology report described a zone of hyperplasia at the limit of resection towards the uterine isthmus. Two supplementary interpretations of the slides and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed. The results supported the diagnosis of mesonephric adenocarcinoma, although with difficulty in differentiating it from mesonephric hyperplasia. Given the discordant pathology results that were inconclusive in establishing a precise diagnosis of the lesion and the state of the limits of resection, the patient was referred to a specialist abroad. Furthermore, the additional interpretation of the slides and IHC were performed, the results suggesting a clear cell carcinoma. The positive p16/Ki-67 dual-staining prior to LEEP, the non-specific IHC and the difficulties in establishing a diagnosis made the case interesting. Given the limitations of cytology and the fact that these variants are independent of HPV infection, dual staining p16/Ki-67 could potentially become useful in the diagnosis of rare adenocarcinoma variants of the cervix, however further documentation is required.

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“…The discovery of biomarkers including genes, DNA, RNA, proteins, enzymes, antigens, and other cellular and biological products paves the road to precision medicine for better patient outcomes through the classification of patients by probable disease risk, treatment and prognosis [ 14 ]. Thus, identification of CC biomarkers is expected to provide greater direction in strategizing the prevention and treatment of CC [ 15 ]. Various biomarkers concerning carcinogenesis, precancerous lesions, and CC have been described in many articles and reviews [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, identification of CC biomarkers is expected to provide greater direction in strategizing the prevention and treatment of CC [ 15 ]. Various biomarkers concerning carcinogenesis, precancerous lesions, and CC have been described in many articles and reviews [ 15 ]. For instance, the well-known markers P16 and Ki-67 have demonstrated promising results as surrogate biomarkers of cervical neoplasia [ 16 – 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer: a review

et al. 2022

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As the fourth most diagnosed cancer, cervical cancer (CC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality affecting females globally, particularly when diagnosed at advanced stage. Discoveries of CC biomarkers pave the road to precision medicine for better patient outcomes. High throughput omics technologies, characterized by big data production further accelerate the process. To date, various CC biomarkers have been discovered through the advancement in technologies. Despite, very few have successfully translated into clinical practice due to the paucity of validation through large scale clinical studies. While vast amounts of data are generated by the omics technologies, challenges arise in identifying the clinically relevant data for translational research as analyses of single-level omics approaches rarely provide causal relations. Integrative multi-omics approaches across different levels of cellular function enable better comprehension of the fundamental biology of CC by highlighting the interrelationships of the involved biomolecules and their function, aiding in identification of novel integrated biomarker profile for precision medicine. Establishment of a worldwide Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) system helps accelerating the pace of biomarker translation. To fill the research gap, we review the recent research progress on CC biomarker development from the application of high throughput omics technologies with sections covering genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.

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Cervical Carcinoma: Oncobiology and Biomarkers

Cited by 73 publications

References 96 publications

Cervical Cancer Prophylaxis—State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Cervical Cancer Prophylaxis—State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

New Insights in the Diagnosis of Rare Adenocarcinoma Variants of the Cervix—Case Report and Review of Literature

Exploration of biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer: a review

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