Cervical neoplasia risk in women provided hormonal contraception without a Pap smear

Sawaya, George F.; Harper, Cynthia C.; Balistreri, Elizabeth; Boggess, Jane; Darney, Philip D.

doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00175-5

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Cervical cancer may share the same infectious etiology. 30 However, no excess risk for cervical cancer was observed in our meta-analysis and this finding was supported in several subgroup analyses. A ''healthy patient effect'' concept was raised by Venn et al, 31 in which it suggested the selection processes were occurring whereby the unhealthiest women in the population are deterred from pregnancy and infertility treatment.…”

Section: Ivf and Risk Of Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer And Ovarian supporting

confidence: 81%

Meta-Analysis on the Possible Association Between In Vitro Fertilization and Cancer Risk

Zhou

Qian

et al. 2013

Int J Gynecol Cancer

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This meta-analysis suggests that there is no significant association between IVF and cancer risk. A possible beneficial effect was shown in the subgroup of breast cancer meta-analysis. Excess risk of ovarian cancer was observed in the analysis of all the studies and subgroups. Special attention should be made to women who may be diagnosed with cancer during or shortly after IVF treatment. Studies of high methodological quality with larger population and longer follow-up are required to provide more evidences for a better understanding of the association.

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Section: Ivf and Risk Of Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer And Ovarian supporting

confidence: 81%

Meta-Analysis on the Possible Association Between In Vitro Fertilization and Cancer Risk

Zhou

Qian

et al. 2013

Int J Gynecol Cancer

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“…6 Regarding parity, it was seen that 6 out of 12 women who were diagnosed with CIN had more than four children. This study is comparable to other studies by Sawaya GF et al in 2001 which show that high parity is a risk factor for cervical neoplasia. 7 In the present study, 10 (83.3%) out of 12 positive cases were using oral contraceptive pills & the similar findings were reported by Moreno V et al that Long-term use of oral contraceptives could be a cofactor that increases risk of cervical carcinoma by up to four-fold in women who are positive for cervical HPV DNA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of cervical smear in high risk women

Pegu

Das²,

Ali³

et al. 2014

Int J Res Med Sci

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“…6,22 Furthermore, those opting to forgo a pelvic examination are no more likely to be at increased risk of cervical cancer, and those at highest risk make return visits for screening. 23 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvic Examinations and Access to Oral Hormonal Contraception

Henderson

Sawaya

Blum

et al. 2010

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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OBJECTIVE Requiring a pelvic examination before prescribing oral contraception poses an unnecessary barrier to contraceptive access. Medical guidelines have outlined the safety of oral contraception provision without a pelvic examination, yet little is known about the practices of clinicians providing reproductive health care. Our purpose was to investigate clinicians′ requirements for pelvic examination and what may account for practice differences. METHODS We administered a mailed survey to a national probability sample of obstetrician–gynecologists (ob-gyns), family medicine physicians, and advanced practice nurses specializing in obstetrics and gynecology and women′s health or family medicine in 2008–2009 (N = 1,196), with a response rate of 65.3% RESULTS Nearly one third of ob-gyns and family medicine physicians reported always requiring a pelvic examination when prescribing oral contraception (ob-gyns 29%; family medicine 33%). A higher proportion of advanced practice nurses in primary care (45%) and a markedly lower percentage of advanced practice nurses in reproductive health (17%) reported always requiring the examination. In adjusted analyses, older clinicians were more likely to require the pelvic examination (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, P<.01) and clinicians serving a higher proportion of Medicaid patients more likely (OR 1.62, P<.05). Providers in private practice were more than twice as likely as those working in family-planning or community clinics to require pelvic examinations (OR 2.30, P<.01). CONCLUSION One third of clinicians we surveyed require pelvic examinations before provision of oral contraceptives, despite guidelines indicating they are unnecessary and research suggesting they can pose a barrier to contraceptive access.

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Cervical neoplasia risk in women provided hormonal contraception without a Pap smear

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Meta-Analysis on the Possible Association Between In Vitro Fertilization and Cancer Risk

Meta-Analysis on the Possible Association Between In Vitro Fertilization and Cancer Risk

Evaluation of cervical smear in high risk women

Pelvic Examinations and Access to Oral Hormonal Contraception

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