Cervical Radiographical Alignment

Ames, Christopher P.; Blondel, Benjamin; Scheer, Justin K.; Schwab, Frank J.; Huec, Jean Charles Le; Massicotte, Eric M.; Patel, Alpesh A.; Traynelis, Vincent C.; Kim, Hee Jin; Shaffrey, Christopher I.; Smith, Justin S.; Lafage, Virginie

doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e3182a7f449

Cited by 449 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This study also noted predictable improvements in pelvic parameters. A mild loss of LL is correlated with a hypokyphosis or a lordosis of the thoracic region, whereas a more significant loss of LL is correlated with pelvic retroversion (increased PT) as a compensatory mechanism [2]. This study found a decrease in pelvic retroversion to within the reference normal pelvic values following improvement in lumbar alignment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…Reference normal values for spinopelvic parameters were obtained from a cross-sectional study by Vialle et al [21] of 300 asymptomatic volunteers. Reference normal values for cervical parameters were obtained from Ames et al [2], which was adapted from a study by Hardacker et al [22], in addition to a cross-sectional study of 106 healthy volunteers by Le Huec et al [23]. A value was considered ''normative'' if within one standard deviation from the mean of reference normative values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is limited by its [2,[21][22][23]. It is important to note that these values are not absolute definitions of deformity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, analysis of proximal versus distal cervical lordosis revealed mean proximal CL (-27.3 ± 6.9°) was hypolordotic, whereas distal CL (-16.5 ± 14.7°) was hyperlordotic compared to reference normal values (-32.2 ± 7.0°and -9.6°, respectively) [2]. These segmental cervical parameters suggest there are different compensation mechanisms between the different segments of the cervical spine.…”

Section: Baseline Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The high degree of mobility and dynamic nature of the region lends itself to compensation that is associated with changes in global spinal alignment [1]. Perhaps the most dramatic example of these compensatory changes occurs following adult spinal deformity surgery [2,3]. Although the greatest improvement in alignment occurs within the instrumented and fused spinal segments, alterations can occur beyond the fused segments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cervical spine alignment following lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy for sagittal imbalance

Obeid

Boniello²,

Boissière³

et al. 2015

Eur Spine J

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LL restoration decreased the need of compensation at the pelvis and thoracic spine. The distal CL and C7 slope decreased because there was no need for compensation at this level after the surgery, but the proximal cervical spine takes a slightly flexed position to maintain horizontal sight. EAM tilt measures the head position toward C7, and is close to 0° even in severe cases. Changes of this parameter after surgery are insignificant, probably due to the balance between upper and lower cervical segments; when one of these segments shifts backward the other shifts forward and the result is a balanced head over C7.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is limited by its [2,[21][22][23]. It is important to note that these values are not absolute definitions of deformity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Baseline Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cervical spine alignment following lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy for sagittal imbalance

Obeid

Boniello²,

Boissière³

et al. 2015

Eur Spine J

Self Cite

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The Human Pelvis: Variation in Structure and Function During Gait

Lewis

Laudicina

Khuu

et al. 2017

The Anatomical Record

141

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The shift to habitual bipedalism 4–6 million years ago in the hominin lineage created a morphologically and functionally different human pelvis compared to our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees. Evolutionary changes to the shape of the pelvis were necessary for the transition to habitual bipedalism in humans. These changes in the bony anatomy resulted in an altered role of muscle function, influencing bipedal gait. Additionally, there are normal sex-specific variations in the pelvis as well as abnormal variations in the acetabulum. During gait, the pelvis moves in the three planes to produce smooth and efficient motion. Subtle sex-specific differences in these motions may facilitate economical gait despite differences in pelvic structure. The motions of the pelvis and hip may also be altered in the presence of abnormal acetabular structure, especially with acetabular dysplasia.

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Sagittal wedging of intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies in the cervical spine and their associations with age, sex and cervical lordosis: A large‐scale morphological study

et al. 2021

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Many recent studies have focused on the functional and clinical importance of cervical lordosis. However, there is little accurate knowledge of the anatomical parameters that constitute cervical lordosis (i.e., the sagittal wedging angles of intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies) and their associations with age and sex. Standing lateral cervical radiographs of 1020 subjects (424 males, 596 females) with a mean age of 36.6 ± 17.0 years (range 7–95 years) were evaluated retrospectively. Cervical lordosis, the sum of intervertebral disc wedging angles from C2/C3 to C6/C7 and the sum of vertebral body wedging angles from C3 to C7 were measured. The sum of intervertebral disc wedging and the sum of vertebral body wedging were 20.6° ± 14.7° and −12.8° ± 10.3°, respectively. The sum of intervertebral disc wedging increased significantly with age and was significantly greater in males than females, whereas there was no sex‐related difference in the sum of vertebral body wedging. The sum of intervertebral disc wedging was negatively correlated with sum of vertebral body wedging. Wedging of discs contributed to C2–C7 cervical lordosis more significantly than wedging of vertebral bodies. There were moderate positive correlations between cervical lordosis and intervertebral disc wedging angles at C3/C4, C4/C5 and C5/C6; weak correlations were observed at C2/C3 and C6/C7. This study constitutes the largest currently available analysis comprehensively documenting the anatomical characteristics of sagittal wedging of intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies in the cervical spine. The findings could improve understanding of the internal architecture of cervical lordosis among clinicians.

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Cervical Radiographical Alignment

Cited by 449 publications

References 64 publications

Cervical spine alignment following lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy for sagittal imbalance

Cervical spine alignment following lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy for sagittal imbalance

The Human Pelvis: Variation in Structure and Function During Gait

Sagittal wedging of intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies in the cervical spine and their associations with age, sex and cervical lordosis: A large‐scale morphological study

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