Cervical screening in an inner city area: response to a call system in general practice.

Shroff, K. J.; Corrigan, Antonia; Bosher, M.Y.; Edmonds, Margaret; Sacks, Daniel; Coleman, D. V.

doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6659.1317

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A survey of non-responders indicated at least 20% incorrect addresses on the GMS register; this problem has also been found in other studies, particularly in inner cities 10,11 . Verification of addresses and identification of exclusions by GPs before issuing invitations was not satisfactory, and the scheduling and posting of invitations was also a problem.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

A pilot study of cervical screening in an inner city area—lessons for a national programme

et al. 1997

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The objectives of this study were to examine aspects of organization of a proposed national screening programme based in general practice. The target population of women aged 25-59 years and their general practitioners (GPs), in a defined inner city area, was identified from a population register of persons eligible for free medical services; a computerized system was developed for invitations and record linkage of cytology results. Smears were examined in one laboratory and follow up of women with abnormal smears was undertaken by one gynaecologist. A random sample of non-responders was surveyed by questionnaire. Response following two invitations was only 20%. Practices with male doctors only had significantly lower response rates (P < 0.001) than those with a female doctor/nurse. A survey of non-responders showed that over 20% of addresses were incorrect and 16% of those interviewed were ineligible for smear tests. A preference for a female to undertake smears was expressed by 67%, and 77% believed that the purpose of the cervical smear was to detect cancer. An accurate population register, health promotion, support for GP practices, provision of alternative venues for smear tests, development of computer systems, accurate data entry and fail-safe follow up are aspects of a cervical screening service which must be addressed prior to setting up a national service.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

A pilot study of cervical screening in an inner city area—lessons for a national programme

et al. 1997

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“…Fifty people were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Reasons given for non-response included ineligibility, having had a recent smear test (11), having had a hysterectomy (two), being men (three), or being a virgin (one). Other reasons included delayed intention to attend (11), not wanting a smear test (six), fear (seven), uncertainty about eligibility (seven), not having time (one), and never having thought about it (one).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the cervical cytology screening programme in an inner city health district.

Beardow

Oerton

Victor

1989

BMJ

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District health authorities have been instructed to operate a cervical cytology call and recall screening programme using the age-sex registers held by family practitioner committees. A detailed evaluation of implementation in an inner London district showed that 477 out of 687 (69%) invitation letters sent to women by the family practitioner committee were either inaccurate or inappropriate: almost half of the recorded addresses were incorrect and a further fifth of the women were not eligible for a test. Overall, 90 women had a smear, which is only 13% of the total but 43% of those found to be eligible. The findings did not differ significantly with age.The findings have major implications not only for the effectiveness of call and recall for screening for cervical cancer but also for the future development of screening for breast cancer in such areas.

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“…However, when the strategy of mailed invitations was suspended, coverage fell to 61%, with older women being the most affected (Jensen and Birch, 1990). In our study, the best response was observed among women 50 to 64 years old, those who are at the greatest risk of invasive cervical cancer, but not of pre‐cancerous lesions (Shroff et al ., 1988). Furthermore, in most Latin American and Caribbean countries many women over 50 years of age have never undergone cervical cytology screening (Robles et al ., 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that purpose, multiple strategies have been suggested (Pontén et al ., 1995). Individual invitation, either by telephone or by mail, has been an effective recruitment mechanism in other countries (Hernández‐Peña et al ., 1997; Shroff et al ., 1988; Pierce et al ., 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Call and recall for cervical cancer screening in a developing country: A randomised field trial

et al. 2000

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A randomised field trial was used to assess Mexican women's response to a mailed invitation for a Papanicolaou test. A sample of 4,802 women, 20 to 64 years old, chosen at random from the Mexican Social Security Institute Register were randomly assigned to an intervention and to a control group. A letter of invitation and a reminder were sent to the intervention group. A letter was also sent to the control group at the end of the follow‐up period (8.5 weeks) in order to compare the response among women who received a letter in both groups. Cumulative incidence and incidence rates were used to determine the response and the speed of response, respectively. The response among women who had received the letter was 33.5% (efficacy) in the intervention group, while 5.9% (p<0.001) in the control group attended a Papanicolaou test. For the total of women invited, the response was 20.1% (effectiveness) and 3.3% (p<0.001), respectively. The response was greater in rural areas (rural vs. urban/suburban; p = 0.002) and eldest women (50–64 vs. 20–49; p = 0.02). The response rate was 7 times grater in the intervention than in the control group (RR = 7.1; 95% CI 5.4–9.4; p < 0.001). A mailed invitation to have a Papanicolaou test substantially increases attendance by women who receive it. A mailed reminder improves results. This strategy could be implemented in addition to the ones already in use, mainly among rural and elderly women. Int. J. Cancer 87:869–873, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Cervical screening in an inner city area: response to a call system in general practice.

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

A pilot study of cervical screening in an inner city area—lessons for a national programme

A pilot study of cervical screening in an inner city area—lessons for a national programme

Evaluation of the cervical cytology screening programme in an inner city health district.

Call and recall for cervical cancer screening in a developing country: A randomised field trial

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