Cervical Smears at Public Health Centres in Eastern Trinidad: Coverage and Follow-up, 2009–2010

Lynch-George, G; Maharaj, Ravi

doi:10.7727/wimj.2013.295

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The target population, 25-49 years, in 2009 and 2010 comprised of 11% and 13.2% respectively in reference to the total number of pap smears done. 4 It was found that more than 50% of these patients never sought follow up visits as recommended for a repeated Pap Smear. This showed adequate coverage was not achieved by the Regional Health Authority The HPV vaccination of pre-adolescent girls is delivered as a school-based programme.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, women with an abnormal cervical smear result should have repeat cervical screening at consecutive intervals or gynaecological evaluation. 4 Malignancy of the cervix are mainly of two histological types; the more common squamous cell carcinoma and a rarer form called adenocarcinoma. There are two types of screening programmes: opportunistic and comprehensive/organised screening programmes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for women with abnormal pap smears in 2009 and 2010 4. As of 2013, Trinidad and Tobago's Ministry of Health expanded the National Immunization Programme with the introduction of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccination (HPV).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Correlation of Papanicolaou Smears and Clinical Features to Identify the Common Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer: a Retrospective and Descriptive Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Trinidad

Umakanthan

Ghany

Gay

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Cervical cancer, the fourth most frequent cancer in women, is associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV). This study focuses on identifying any risk factors and clinical findings for abnormal cervical cytology and histopathology in relation to the Trinidad and Tobago population. Some risk factors include early age of first coitus, high number of sexual partners, high parity, smoking, and use of certain medications such as oral contraception. This study is aimed to identify the significance of Papanicolaou (pap) smears and to identify the common risk factors that contribute to the development of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Method: A three-year retrospective, descriptive study of cervical cancer was conducted at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex to assess the risk factors and clinical findings using cervical cytology and histopathology data of patients with premalignant lesions. The subject population included 215 female patients aged 18 years and older who had the following documented abnormal cervical cytology: (ASCUS), ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, Atypical Glandular cells, HPV, Adenocarcinoma, Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Histopathology records were analysed for thirty-three of these patients. Patients’ information were recorded on data collection sheets adapted from the North Central Regional Health Authority’s cytology laboratory standardised reporting format request form (Appendix I). Results and findings: The data were analysed via Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software edition 23 using frequency tables and descriptive analysis. The sample mean age of the population was 36.7 years, first age of coitus was 18.1 years, number of sexual partners was 3.8 and number of live births was 2. LSIL was the most popular abnormal finding, 32.6 %, followed by HSIL, 28.8% and ASCUS, 27.4%. Most histopathological reports resulted in CIN I and II.Conclusion: The major risk factors observed for cytology abnormalities and premalignant lesions were early age of coitus, high number of sexual partners, and no use of contraception.Patients mostly presented as asymptomatic despite obtaining abnormal cytology results. Hence, regular pap smear screening should continue to be highly encouraged.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Correlation of Papanicolaou Smears and Clinical Features to Identify the Common Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer: a Retrospective and Descriptive Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Trinidad

Umakanthan

Ghany

Gay

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Depending on location, some may not have the means to travel far distances and decline to do so just for a 'screening' test. Lynch and Maharaj found that rural residents in Trinidad were less likely to be screened than urban residents 9 . Similarly, Woldetasdik et al's study in Ethiopia also found lower cervical cancer screening uptake in rural residences 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pap Smear Screening: Deterrents among the At-Risk Population in Trinidad

2022

IJMRA

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Cervical cancer is a condition that affects many women globally. The WHO recommends Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening, a method by which abnormal cervical cells can be detected and aid in preventing malignant progression. However, despite the availability of this test, uptake remains low among many Caribbean countries, including Trinidad. Objective: A literature review on cervical cancer screening and barriers to getting tested in Trinidad. Study Design: The study design chosen was a narrative literature review. This paper sought to assess available literature centered around reasons for lack of screening and how it may contribute to the current prevalence rates of cervical cancer. Methods: Data was obtained from online articles via Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus from 1987 to 2022. The focus was on publications detailing lifestyle and factors influencing Pap smear testing and follow-up. Results: Results showed that personal understanding, accessibility, physician perception, and socioeconomic disadvantages can deter pap smear screening. Conclusions: Addressing these issues and how they can influence screening uptake is key to increasing detection and decreasing cervical cancer deaths.

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“…Cervical screening guidelines for the Caribbean region recommend that, at a minimum, 80% of women aged 25–50 years who have ever engaged in sexual intercourse should be screened for precancerous cervical lesions. Additionally, women with abnormal cervical smear results should have repeat cervical screening at consecutive intervals or gynaecological evaluation [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation of Papanicolaou Smears and Clinical Features to Identify the Common Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective and Descriptive Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Trinidad

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cervical cancer, the fourth most frequent cancer in women, is associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). This study identifies risk factors and clinical findings for abnormal cervical cytology and histopathology in the Trinidad and Tobago populations. Some risk factors include early age of first coitus, a high number of sexual partners, high parity, smoking, and using certain medications, such as oral contraception. This study aims to identify the significance of Papanicolaou (pap) smears and the common risk factors that contribute to the development of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Method: A three-year retrospective, descriptive study of cervical cancer was conducted at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex. The subject population included 215 female patients aged 18 years and older with the following documented abnormal cervical cytology: (ASCUS), ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, Atypical Glandular cells, HPV, Adenocarcinoma, and Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Histopathology records were analysed for thirty-three of these patients. Patients’ information was recorded on data collection sheets adapted from the North Central Regional Health Authority’s cytology laboratory standardised reporting format request form. Results and Findings: The data were analysed via Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software edition 23 using frequency tables and descriptive analysis. The mean sample age of the population was 36.7 years, the first age of coitus was 18.1 years, the number of sexual partners was 3.8, and the number of live births was 2. LSIL was the most popular abnormal finding, 32.6%, followed by HSIL, 28.8%, and ASCUS, 27.4%. Most histopathological reports resulted in CIN I and II. Conclusions: The significant risk factors observed for cytology abnormalities and premalignant lesions were early age of coitus, a high number of sexual partners, and no use of contraception. Patients mostly presented as asymptomatic despite obtaining abnormal cytology results. Hence, regular pap smear screening should continue to be highly encouraged.

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Cervical Smears at Public Health Centres in Eastern Trinidad: Coverage and Follow-up, 2009–2010

Abstract: Background:The objective was to examine the cervical screening programme at selected health centres in the Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA), Trinidad and Tobago, specifically

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

The Correlation of Papanicolaou Smears and Clinical Features to Identify the Common Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer: a Retrospective and Descriptive Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Trinidad

The Correlation of Papanicolaou Smears and Clinical Features to Identify the Common Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer: a Retrospective and Descriptive Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Trinidad

Pap Smear Screening: Deterrents among the At-Risk Population in Trinidad

The Correlation of Papanicolaou Smears and Clinical Features to Identify the Common Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective and Descriptive Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Trinidad

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