“…In previous studies comparing the lifting force during intubation between a direct laryngoscope and a videolaryngoscope, the peak and average lifting forces were significantly reduced by about half when using a videolaryngoscope in patients expected to have either a normal or difficult airway [20][21][22]. With the same context, numerous previous studies comparing cervical spine motion during intubation between direct laryngoscopes and various videolaryngoscopes, have reported significantly smaller cervical spine motion during videolaryngoscopic intubation [6,8,9,11,14,17,18]. Nevertheless, intubation using various videolaryngoscopes produced cervical spine motion of 3-13 • at the occiput-C1 segment even under MILS in previous studies [8,9,11,17].…”