Cervical varices unrelated to placenta previa as an unusual cause of antepartum hemorrhage: A case report and literature review

Four cases of cervical varices without placenta praevia: Presentation, diagnosis, managements, and literature review

“…Detailed speculum examination with adequate lighting and exposure by experienced obstetricians is required to detect cervical pathologies. Besides, the use of ultrasonography and color Doppler to look for abnormal vasculature over the cervical region helps in making the diagnosis as suggested by previous case reports 3–5,7–14 . O'Brien et al 9 suggested that cervical varicosities can be diagnosed by the presence of hypoechoic tortuous tubular structures within the cervix in the sagittal plane with low‐velocity venous pressure typically about 10 cm/s using transvaginal ultrasound and color Doppler.…”

“…In addition, our first patient is the second reported case of a successful vaginal delivery with cervical varices in the literature (Table 1). 1–15,17,18 …”

“…In addition, our first patient is the second reported case of a successful vaginal delivery with cervical varices in the literature (Table 1). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]17,18 The pathophysiology of cervical varices is unknown. The use of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and the presence of placenta previa are possible risk factors.…”

“…Common sites of varicosity are lower limbs, vulva, and rectum. Cervical varices are rare and only around 20 cases were reported in the literature 1–18 . It can present with heavy antepartum bleeding and clinicians need to be vigilant that one of the rare differential diagnoses of recurrent antepartum hemorrhage is cervical varices.…”

“…Cervical varices are rare and only around 20 cases were reported in the literature. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] It can present with heavy antepartum bleeding and clinicians need to be vigilant that one of the rare differential diagnoses of recurrent antepartum hemorrhage is cervical varices. Most cases of cervical varices were delivered by cesarean section.…”