Cervical varix with thrombosis diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy

Abstract

Cervical varix is rare and can develop due to various conditions in pregnancy. Most cases of cervical varix during pregnancy are diagnosed in the second or third trimester and are usually associated with abnormal placental location, such as placenta previa or low-lying placenta. A 23-year-old woman with cervical varix bleeding visited our institution at 8 weeks of gestation. This case report describes cervical varix bleeding that developed into a venous thrombus in the first trimester. Ultrasonography with color Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging could be helpful in diagnosis.

Four cases of cervical varices without placenta praevia: Presentation, diagnosis, managements, and literature review

“…In addition, our first patient is the second reported case of a successful vaginal delivery with cervical varices in the literature (Table 1). 1–15,17,18 …”

“…McDonald cerclage was performed in both cases and there was no more antepartum hemorrhage over the antenatal course. Another possible rare complication is thrombosis 7,15 . González‐Bosquet et al 17 suggested the use of cervical pessary as a therapeutic option.…”

“…In addition, our first patient is the second reported case of a successful vaginal delivery with cervical varices in the literature (Table 1). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]17,18 The pathophysiology of cervical varices is unknown. The use of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and the presence of placenta previa are possible risk factors.…”

“…Common sites of varicosity are lower limbs, vulva, and rectum. Cervical varices are rare and only around 20 cases were reported in the literature 1–18 . It can present with heavy antepartum bleeding and clinicians need to be vigilant that one of the rare differential diagnoses of recurrent antepartum hemorrhage is cervical varices.…”

“…Cervical varices are rare and only around 20 cases were reported in the literature. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] It can present with heavy antepartum bleeding and clinicians need to be vigilant that one of the rare differential diagnoses of recurrent antepartum hemorrhage is cervical varices. Most cases of cervical varices were delivered by cesarean section.…”