“…Sexual dimorphism in size and shape of the cervical vertebral bodies is well documented (Chatzigianni & Halazonetis, 2009; Ezra et al, 2017; Hellsing, 1991; Johnson et al, 2016; Miller et al, 2019; Vasavada, Danaraj, & Siegmund, 2008). To date, research has focused on the comparison between adults (Been et al, 2017), the development of the upper (C1–C4) cervical vertebrae morphology (Chatzigianni & Halazonetis, 2009), or differences in growth trends (Johnson et al, 2016; Miller et al, 2019). Despite evidence on the presence of sexual dimorphism of the cervical vertebrae, the unisex standards of CVMI are currently used clinically.…”