Cervix, Vagina, and Vulva

McEntee, Kenneth

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-483375-3.50018-4

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…On the other hand, congenital abnormality of the genital tract may be associated with sex chromosome defects. Although karyotype was not available, the absence of other genital abnormalities allowed excluding these syndromes (McEntee, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permanent Lateral Deviation and Stenosis of the Cervix in an Infertile Jennet

Quartuccio

Marino

Mannarino

et al. 2015

Anat Histol Embryol

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Congenital abnormalities of the uterus and the cervix are rare in horses, often associated with infertility, despite normal ovarian activity and sexual behaviour. An abnormality of the cervix in a 5-year-old jennet with a history of infertility was described. Clinical and ultrasound examination of the genital tract showed a normal development of the uterus with regular cyclic activity in both the ovaries. Vaginoscopy revealed a normal development of the vagina and a cervix deviated on the left side of the vagina by a thick dorsoventral fold. The lateral deviation was permanent in any stage of oestrus cycle. Furthermore, the cervical os was narrow and digital penetration was not realizable. Using a 5-mm catheter, the full penetration was not possible even during oestrus; moreover, the inoculation of fluid could be revealed in uterus by ultrasound (fluid was not present before inoculation), demonstrating a minimal patency. An abnormal and permanent lateral displacement of a stenotic cervix was suspected as the primary cause of infertility in the jennet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permanent Lateral Deviation and Stenosis of the Cervix in an Infertile Jennet

Quartuccio

Marino

Mannarino

et al. 2015

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…Vaginal trauma during natural breeding is infrequent in horses because the vagina stretches during coitus. 1 Vaginal injuries are often superficial with mild lacerations to the mucosa and submucosa of the cranial portion of the vagina and cervix. 1,2 A breeding roll is sometimes used during matings involving large or vigorous stallions to limit the extent of penile intromission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theriogenology Question of the Month

McNaughten

Macpherson²,

Freeman³

et al. 2014

javma

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“…VAGINAL anomalies, such as a secondary vaginal pouch (Wykes and Olson 1985) or vaginal cysts (Holt 1993, 1994), are uncommon congenital abnormalities often due to an abnormal or an incomplete binding of the caudal portion of the paramesonephric or Müllerian ducts (Nelson and Couto 1992). In the case of vaginal cysts, other structures can also contribute, such as the mesonephric ducts and urogenital sinus (Deppisch 1974, McEntee 1990). A secondary vaginal pouch, also referred to as a vaginal diverticulum (Nelson and Couto 1992) or double vagina (Wykes and Olson 1985), appears macroscopically as a variable‐sized bag, located in the ventral portion of the vaginal fundus (Capel‐Edwards 1977, Wykes and Olson 1985, Soderberg 1993, Wykes and Soderberg 1993, Budsberg 1997) and opening on the floor of the vagina.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%