Cesarean Surgical Site Bacterial Infection

Abstract

Background: The high incidence rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) highlights the need for prioritizing patient demographics, procedures, and surgical factors to be controlled by programs to reduce the infection rate. Objectives: This study detects the prevalence, causative organisms, and explores the relation between the air contamination in the operative theater and the SSI. Methodology: Cross sectional one-year study from January 2019. One hundred and seventy-two women were involved underwent CD. Intraoperative air sampling was performed during 83 surgery and bacterial air contamination were identified. Follow up for the patients 30 days after surgery was done to detect hospital acquired and community acquired SSI. Two samples were taken from the patient wound with SSI. Microbiological identification and antibiotics susceptibility testing for the isolates were done. The clonal relationships between the same species of isolates from air and wound were studied by evaluating the genomic DNA with PFGE analysis. Results: 14.5 % was the total SSI rate; 6.4%, developed hospital acquired SSI and 8.1% developed community acquired SSI. Most SSI cases yielded growth of Staphylococcus spp. (39, 3%) followed by Pseudomonas spp. (32.1%) and finally Escherichia coli (28.6%). Six wound isolates belonged to two air isolates pulsotype and the rest of isolates showed unsimilar pulsotype of interest. Conclusions: air contamination one of the causes of SSI and measures are recommended to reduce its incidence, including the implementation of infection prevention practices and the administration of antibiotic prophylaxis with strict surgical techniques. Most common cause of community acquired SSI was bad hygiene.