Cesium Lead Chloride/Bromide Perovskite Quantum Dots with Strong Blue Emission Realized via a Nitrate-Induced Selective Surface Defect Elimination Process

Wang, Shixun; Wang, Yu; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Xiangtong; Shen, Xinyu; Zhuang, Xingwei; Lu, Po; Yu, William W.; Kershaw, Stephen V.; Rogach, Andrey L.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03750

Cited by 114 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[111][112][113] In order to increase their stability, the organic moiety may be partially or totally eliminated. [114][115][116] Caesium(I) is a suitable large cation that can be easily incorporated into lead-based perovskites, both in mixed-cation perovskites 117,118 and in fully inorganic CsPbI 3 perovskites. 119,120 Despite a remarkable initial PCE of 10%, 121 inorganic CsPbI 3 underwent an irreversible transformation toward a non-perovskite phase.…”

Section: High-temperature Processed Front Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

260

188

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Almost ten years after their first use in the photovoltaic (PV) field, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are now hybrid devices that, in addition to having reached silicon performance, can accelerate the energy transition and boost the use of abundant elements for their manufacturing process. However, noble metals (in particular gold) represent the most typically used sources for back electrode fabrication, and this issue has been intensively considered by the research community in the last five years. This review shows how the most promising solution, considering also the need to develop a large-scale production process, is based on the use of carbon-based materials for the preparation of back electrodes. Graphite, carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed, functionalized and characterized, leading to laboratory-scale solar cells and modules capable of providing excellent efficiencies and ensuring stability greater than those of gold-based devices. Strengthened by these results and its hydrophobizing properties, carbon has also started to be used as an electron transporting material (ETM), with excellent results on both rigid and flexible substrates. This review discusses the major advances and the updated state-of-the-art in the carbon-based PSC scenario, keeping a solid trajectory where the accessibility, low cost, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and controllable porosity of carbon are highlighted and exploited in the design of upscalable hybrid solar cells. Broader contextToday, more than 75% of the world energy demand is met by traditional, non-sustainable energy resources, mainly based on coal, natural gas and oil. Photovoltaics represents a concrete action to mitigate fossil fuel consumption, and among all the developed solar cells, perovskite-based ones have shown the highest increase in terms of efficiency (currently above 25%). Halide perovskites, as a family of new-generation semiconductor materials, are also exploitable for light-emitting devices, photodetectors and memristors, but their use in photovoltaics gives rise to outstanding performances. Here, photogenerated charges pass through electron/hole transporting materials and are transferred to the external circuit by front and back electrodes. While the front electrode is a common conductive glass, many issues are now under study concerning the back electrode, traditionally made of gold. Indeed, replacing this expensive metal with a much cheaper alternative is vital for realizing affordable solar technologies. Carbon, in its multiple forms, represents the winning solution and the scientific community has recently shown its large scale processability, its power as a stability booster and some interesting effects at the perovskite/electrode interface. This review shows how carbon is becoming the winning ingredient for the scaling up and worldwide diffusion of perovskite solar cells.

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Section: High-temperature Processed Front Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

260

188

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“…Due to the dynamic and labile surface ligands of ionic lead halide perovskite NCs, postpreparative treatment of perovskite NCs by additives containing halides has emerged as a powerful tool to compensate their surface uncoordinated lead ions and thus to improve their PL QY . We have previously demonstrated how the post‐treatment with inorganic nitrate ions can mildly remove surface defects from CsPb(Cl/Br) 3 NCs . Herein, we present a strategy for achieving CsPb(Cl/Br) 3 perovskite NCs with blue emission centered at 451 nm, with high PL QYs of 89% using anhydrous oxalic acid (OxA).…”

Section: Pl Peak Positions Pl Qys Average Pl Lifetimes and Radiatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalic Acid Enabled Emission Enhancement and Continuous Extraction of Chloride from Cesium Lead Chloride/Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Wang

Shen

Zhuang

et al. 2019

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“…CsPbX 3 nanocrystals have been incorporated into solar cells achieving a record 13.4 % power conversion efficiency (PCE). [15] Other syntheses have expanded this general idea by generating multiple nanocrystal morphologies through ligand mediation [21][22] and reaction tuning, [23] by using different surface ligands for improved quantum yields, [24][25] by increasing surface passivation/repair via salt solutions, [26][27][28][29] as well as by generating other cation/anion compositions through doping [17,[30][31][32][33][34][35] or post-synthetic ion exchange. [12,[19][20] Most reported syntheses of CsPbX 3 follow the work of Protesescu et al who demonstrated a simple, solution-based synthesis for nanocrystals with high luminescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Photo‐ and Thermal‐Stability of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

et al. 2019

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Lead halide perovskites possess unique characteristics that are well-suited for optoelectronic and energy capture devices, however, concerns about their long-term stability remain. Limited stability is often linked to the methylammonium cation, and all-inorganic CsPbX 3 (X=Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals have been reported with improved stability. In this work, the photostability and thermal stability properties of CsPbX 3 (X=Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals were investigated by means of electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with FTIR (TGA-FTIR), ensemble and single particle spectral characterization. CsPbBr 3 was found to be stable under 1-sun illumination for 16 h in ambient conditions, although single crystal luminescence analysis after illumination using a solar simulator indicates that the luminescence states are changing over time. CsPbBr 3 was also stable to heating to 250°C. Large CsPbI 3 crystals (34 � 5 nm) were shown to be the least stable composition under the same conditions as both XRD reflections and Raman bands diminish under irradiation; and with heating the γ (black) phase reverts to the nonluminescent δ phase. Smaller CsPbI 3 nanocrystals (14 � 2 nm) purified by a different washing strategy exhibited improved photostability with no evidence of crystal growth but were still thermally unstable. Both CsPbCl 3 and CsPbBr 3 show crystal growth under irradiation or heat, likely with a preferential orientation based on XRD patterns. TGA-FTIR revealed nanocrystal mass loss was only from liberation and subsequent degradation of surface ligands. Encapsulation or other protective strategies should be employed for long-term stability of these materials under conditions of high irradiance or temperature.[a] B.

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Cesium Lead Chloride/Bromide Perovskite Quantum Dots with Strong Blue Emission Realized via a Nitrate-Induced Selective Surface Defect Elimination Process

Cited by 114 publications

References 41 publications

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Oxalic Acid Enabled Emission Enhancement and Continuous Extraction of Chloride from Cesium Lead Chloride/Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Unveiling the Photo‐ and Thermal‐Stability of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

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