Cesium-substituted mesoporous phosphotungstic acid embedded chitosan hybrid polymer membrane for direct methanol fuel cells

Mohanapriya, S.; Raj, V.

doi:10.1007/s11581-017-2406-1

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The NC/ m -PTA and NC/Im/ m -PTA membranes showed the m -PTA crystal structure that was identified at 2 θ = 10° (110), 15° (200), 26.5° (222), and 31° (442). 16 The imidazole crystal plane was also observed at 2 θ = 25.6°. Furthermore, the crystal planes of the NC matrix were observed at 2 θ = 12°, 20.2°, and 22.3°.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Among many kinds of HPA, phosphotungstic acid (PTA) has good stability and high acidity. 16 The high oxidation level of tungsten and reduction of W 6+ to W 3+ can generate a high power density that is very useful for fuel cell application. 16 PTA is categorized as a strong Brønsted acid that acts as a proton donor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 16 The high oxidation level of tungsten and reduction of W 6+ to W 3+ can generate a high power density that is very useful for fuel cell application. 16 PTA is categorized as a strong Brønsted acid that acts as a proton donor. However, due to its high hydrophilicity and low surface area, it can dissolve into the solvent easily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of mesoporous phosphotungstic acid in nanocellulose membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

et al. 2022

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of mesoporous phosphotungstic acid in nanocellulose membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

et al. 2022

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“…FTIR spectra of membranes in Figure a,b reveal that all the membranes possess three characteristic bands at around 1251, 1080, and 1023 cm −1 , which correspond to the symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching vibrations of O = S = O in –SO 3 H groups . Compared with SP control membrane, no new band is found in the spectra of hybrid membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hybrid Cation Exchange Membranes with Lithium Ion‐Sieves for Highly Enhanced Li⁺ Permeation and Permselectivity

Zhang

Cui

Yang

et al. 2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) hold promise for efficient and environment‐friendly lithium extraction from salt‐lake brine. However, development and practical application of CEMs are significantly hindered by the low Li+ permeation and permselectivity. Herein, novel hybrid CEMs are developed by dispersing lithium ion‐sieves (LMO) into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) matrix. Two kinds of LMOs are synthesized including acidified LMO (HMO) and its sulfonation compound (HMO‐S). The physicochemical property and separation performance of hybrid membranes are systematically investigated. The uniformly dispersed HMO and HMO‐S enhance the thermal, mechanical stability, and swelling resistance of hybrid membranes. Furthermore, these fillers obviously reduce the area resistance from 8.0 to less than 6.0 Ω cm−2. Importantly, the unique Li+ transfer channels in HMO/HMO‐S efficiently elevate the Li+ permeation by up to 66%. While the “ion‐sieve effect” of the channels weakens the migration of Mg2+ and K+, thus notably rising Li+/Mg2+ and Li+/K+ permselectivities by ≈5 times, which is difficult to realize with conventional fillers. Comparing with HMO, HMO‐S shows higher improvement for permselectivity because of the reduced area resistance of the resultant hybrid membrane. This study paves a way to design and development of selective Li+ exchange membranes for transport and separation applications.

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“…The mesoporous cesium salt of phosphotungstic acid has been embedded in CS hybrid membranes [59]. The mesoporous properties of the cesium salt of PTA facilitate strong and maximized intermolecular interaction between the organic and inorganic phases in the membranes and enhanced the dispersion degree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Rosli

Loh

Wong

et al. 2020

IJMS

106

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Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 2 of 52 used to exchange protons from the anode to the cathode [1]. PEMFCs are light, highly efficient, and compact. They operate at relatively low temperatures (≈80 • C), have high power density, and are suitable for various applications. Figure 1 shows that PEMFC consists of various important elements, namely, bipolar plates, diffusion layers, electrodes (anode and cathode), and an electrolyte. The core of a PEMFC is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) placed between two electrodes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 53 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 3 of 52Polysaccharides, such as chitosan (CS) and cellulose, are among the best natural polymer materials because of their abundance in the environment. CS is a linear polysaccharide consisting of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit), which is produced by the deacetylation of chitin. CS has high water affinity properties as there is the presence of three different polar functional groups, which are hydroxyl (-OH), primary amine (-NH 2 ), and C-O-C groups. CS has a structure that is very similar to cellulose, but the difference among them is that CS contains amine groups and its structure is characterized by its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation, where its solubility is depended on [7].CS has rigid structure and high crystallinity as there are three hydrogen atoms strongly bonded between the amino and hydroxyl groups within the CS monomers, due to the immobilized structure, which leads to its proton conduction limitation. Moreover, CS has attractive physicochemical properties in aqueous solution due to its polycationic nature and this leads to wide range of biological purposes such as antimicrobial activity and disease resistance activities in plants [8]. CS membranes are one of the most preferable and favorable materials to re...

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Cesium-substituted mesoporous phosphotungstic acid embedded chitosan hybrid polymer membrane for direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Utilization of mesoporous phosphotungstic acid in nanocellulose membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Utilization of mesoporous phosphotungstic acid in nanocellulose membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Hybrid Cation Exchange Membranes with Lithium Ion‐Sieves for Highly Enhanced Li⁺ Permeation and Permselectivity

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

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Cesium-substituted mesoporous phosphotungstic acid embedded chitosan hybrid polymer membrane for direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Utilization of mesoporous phosphotungstic acid in nanocellulose membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Utilization of mesoporous phosphotungstic acid in nanocellulose membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Hybrid Cation Exchange Membranes with Lithium Ion‐Sieves for Highly Enhanced Li+ Permeation and Permselectivity

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

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Hybrid Cation Exchange Membranes with Lithium Ion‐Sieves for Highly Enhanced Li⁺ Permeation and Permselectivity