Cetylpyridinium chloride cationic finishing improves the dyeing and antibacterial properties of madder dyed cotton

Abstract

In this work, after cationic pretreatment of cotton fabric with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), the compound of citric acid (CA) and succinic acid (SUA) were used as crosslinking agents to dye cotton fabrics with natural madder dye to improve the dyeing and antibacterial properties and realise the multifunctional finishing of cotton fabric. The effects of mordant dyeing, CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing, and CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing on the microstructure and properties of cotton fabrics were compared. The dyeing by the three processes occurred primarily in the amorphous zone of the fibres, and all kept the original crystalline form of the cotton. CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing and CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing increased the thermal stability of the cotton fabric. CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyed cotton obtained excellent dyeing results with the colour depth value (K/S) of 12.3 and rubbing fastness and washing fastness of levels 4–5, and the levelness and dye permeability were acceptable. Furthermore, the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.99%, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) reached 50+. Moreover, the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) increased by 55% compared with raw cotton. This showed that CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyed cotton had excellent antibacterial, anti‐ultraviolet, and anti‐wrinkle performances.

Alizarin old and new: Extraction techniques for coloration, advances in detection methods for historical textiles and novel applications as a functional dye

“…38,152 In a recent study conducted by Dai et al, cotton was pretreated with cetylpyridinium chloride, followed by a crosslinking step with succinic acid and citric acid then dyeing with an alizarin-based madder dye, culminating in inhibition rates of up to 99% against St. aureus and E. coli in the crosslinked-dyed cotton. 153 The remarkable antibacterial effect of the dye extracts was attributed to the ability of alizarin to form complexes with amino acids in bacterial proteins, causing protein function deactivation and bacterial growth inhibition. 154,155 Especially, the anthraquinone backbone of alizarin, which contains two hydroxyl units at the carbon-1 (C-1) and carbon-2 (C-2) positions, disrupts the bacterial cells by inhibiting the establishment of bacterial biofilms.…”

“…Furthermore, the antibacterial effect against St. aureus and E. coli of the alizarin‐containing madder dye extract was inspected on dyed polyester (PET) and polytrimethylene terephthalate fabrics, resulting in inhibition rates of 86%‐99% against both types of bacteria 38,152 . In a recent study conducted by Dai et al, cotton was pretreated with cetylpyridinium chloride, followed by a crosslinking step with succinic acid and citric acid then dyeing with an alizarin‐based madder dye, culminating in inhibition rates of up to 99% against St. aureus and E. coli in the crosslinked‐dyed cotton 153 . The remarkable antibacterial effect of the dye extracts was attributed to the ability of alizarin to form complexes with amino acids in bacterial proteins, causing protein function deactivation and bacterial growth inhibition 154,155 .…”