CFD-DEM simulation of the hydrodynamic filtration performance in balaenid whale filter feeding

Zhu, Yawei; Hu, Dean; Li, Changran; Chen, Zhuang; Yang, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147696

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This strategy allows simulation of three-dimensional fluid flow through irregularly shaped porous layers. Previously, to our knowledge, a porous media model has only been applied once to assess flow patterns in an abstraction of a suspension-feeding animal [ 21 ]. In that study, fringes of the baleen of whales were modelled as a porous medium in a simplified, flat-plate configuration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This transport of particles towards the posterior of the fish mouth cavity has been observed endoscopically in live suspension-feeding goldfish, gizzard shad, and ngege tilapia as particles ‘slid’ or ‘bounced’ along the filter surfaces [ 5 ], and is similar to models of a ‘ricochet’ of particles away from manta ray filter surfaces on contact [ 11 ]. Although more accurate methods exist to determine particle trajectories by solving equations of motion of spheres [ 11 ], or by discrete-element modelling [ 21 ], analyses of dividing streamlines using the approach presented here can be informative as a first approximation of particle size selectivity that is accessible to a broader range of researchers. Further evaluations of this approach, for example by comparing its predictions with how cross-step filters handle particles of different sizes, would be valuable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 5 , 11 ]). However, current types of models either do not include a porous layer [ 8 ], are limited to flow through a few pores [ 11 ], or have simplified porous layer geometries to flat plates [ 20 , 21 ]. The aims of the current study are to: (i) propose a modelling protocol that overcomes these limitations by outputting a full three-dimensional solution including flow through irregularly shaped porous surfaces; (ii) validate this CFD model against data available from flow tank measurements; (iii) use the model output to test the effects of modifying or eliminating the porous mesh used in the physical models, and supplement our current knowledge on flow patterns in a cross-step filter; and (iv) discuss the implications for cross-step filtration performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic analysis of bioinspired vortical cross-step filtration by computational modelling

Wassenbergh

Sanderson

2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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Research on the suspension-feeding apparatus of fishes has led recently to the identification of novel filtration mechanisms involving vortices. Structures inside fish mouths form a series of ‘backward-facing steps' by protruding medially into the mouth cavity. In paddlefish and basking shark mouths, porous gill rakers lie inside ‘slots’ between the protruding branchial arches. Vortical flows inside the slots of physical models have been shown to be important for the filtration process, but the complex flow patterns have not been visualised fully. Here we resolve the three-dimensional hydrodynamics by computational fluid dynamics simulation of a simplified mouth cavity including realistic flow dynamics at the porous layer. We developed and validated a modelling protocol in ANSYS Fluent software that combines a porous media model and permeability direction vector mapping. We found that vortex shape and confinement to the medial side of the gill rakers result from flow resistance by the porous gill raker surfaces. Anteriorly directed vortical flow shears the porous layer in the centre of slots. Flow patterns also indicate that slot entrances should remain unblocked, except for the posterior-most slot. This new modelling approach will enable future design exploration of fish-inspired filters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic analysis of bioinspired vortical cross-step filtration by computational modelling

Wassenbergh

Sanderson

2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…In the case of the whale mouth, this is right at the entrance of the oropharyngeal opening, where prey are swallowed. Accumulation of a bulk slurry of small prey items that have been efficiently separated from undesirable seawater is an optimal form of filtration (Zhu et al, 2020a, Zhu et al, 2020b, Zhu et al, 2021, Zhu et al, 2023). Cross-flow filtration feeding has been well documented in bony fish (Langeland and Nost, 1995;Goodrich et al, 2000;Brainerd, 2001;Cheer et al, 2001;Sanderson et al, 2001;Smith and Sanderson, 2008;Paig-Tran et al, 2011;Cheer et al, 2012;Sanderson et al, 2016;Witkop et al, 2023), sharks (Sims, 2008;Motta et al, 2010;Wegner, 2015), and rays (Paig-Tran et al, 2013;Paig-Tran and Summers, 2014;Divi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Flow-dependent Porosity Determined By Varying Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic filtration in baleen whales: recent discoveries and emerging trends

Werth,

Potvin

2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Recent findings have greatly improved our understanding of mysticete oral filtration, and have upended the traditional view of baleen filtration as a simple process. Flow tank experiments, telemetric tag deployment on whales, and other lab and field methods continue to yield new data and ideas. These suggest that several mechanisms arose from ecological, morphological, and biomechanical adaptations facilitating the evolution of extreme body size in Mysticeti. Multiple lines of evidence strongly support a characterization of baleen filtration as a conceptually dynamic process, varying according to diverse intraoral locations and times of the filtration process, and to other prevailing conditions. We review and highlight these lines of evidence as follows. First, baleen appears to work as a complex metafilter comprising multiple components with differing properties. These include major and minor plates and eroded fringes (AKA bristles or hairs), as well as whole baleen racks. Second, it is clear that different whale species rely on varied ecological filtration modes ranging from slow skimming to high-speed lunging, with other possibilities in between. Third, baleen filtration appears to be a highly dynamic and flow-dependent process, with baleen porosity not only varying across sites within a single rack, but also by flow direction, speed, and volume. Fourth, findings indicate that baleen (particularly of balaenid whales and possibly other species) generally functions not as a simple throughput sieve, but instead likely uses cross-flow or other tangential filtration, as in many biological systems. Fifth, evidence reveals that the time course of baleen filtration, including rate of filter filling and clearing, appears to be more complex than formerly envisioned. Flow direction, and possibly plate and fringe orientation, appears to change during different stages of ram filtration and water expulsion. Sixth, baleen’s flexibility and related biomechanical properties varies by location within the whole filter (=rack), leading to varying filtration conditions and outcomes. Seventh, the means of clearing/cleaning the baleen filter, whether by hydraulic, hydrodynamic, or mechanical methods, appears to vary by species and feeding type, notably intermittent lunging versus continuous skimming. Together, these and other findings of the past two decades have greatly elucidated processes of baleen filtration, and heightened the need for further research. Many aspects of baleen filtration may pertain to other biological filters; designers can apply several aspects to artificial filtration, both to better understand natural systems and to design and manufacture more effective synthetic filters. Understanding common versus unique features of varied filtration phenomena, both biological and artificial, will continue to aid scientific and technical understanding, enable fruitful interdisciplinary partnerships, and yield new filter designs.

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“…The characteristics of liquid waste in the form of density, oil and grease, specific gravity, TSS, TDS, sediment grain size, BOD, COD, and other parameters will interact with the flow in a closed channel, and deposition is easier to occur [12,13]. Research on other hydraulic channels has focused on velocity and flow discharge, where results show that velocity affects the flow pattern in pipes and open channels [13][14][15][16][17]. Channel pipe geometric research was done by Changhee et al, 2008 [16], which compared the transportation of a water-sand mixture in circular and square pipes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greywater Flow Characteristics for Closed Channel Maintenance

2023

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Knowing the characteristics of wastewater and its interaction with the channel is crucial to finding a suitable model and maintenance method to solve the closed channel problem. The purpose of this study is to find the relationship and how much it influences the characteristics of wastewater in closed channels and analyze the limit deposit velocity (LDV) of wastewater so that there is no deposition. The parameters used to analyze wastewater characteristics are density, oil and fat, specific gravity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, and kinematic viscosity. The parameters used to analyze the flow characteristics in closed channels are velocity, discharge, Reynolds number, friction coefficient, energy loss, and hydraulic gradient. The method used is experimental research by simulating a closed-channel model prototype. The closed channel model is made from an acrylic pipe with a length of 6 m and a pipe diameter of 0.064 m. Simulations on each wastewater sample and the discharge variations used were 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, and 0.0015 m3/s. Velocity measurements at a 0.5 pipe water level height and distances of 0, 2, 4, and 6 m. The results showed that the nature and composition of the wastewater the flow velocity. The large value of wastewater parameters shows that the flow velocity is small. The wastewater content is considered a load that must be transported to the end of the closed channel. When the discharge increases, the velocity will increase, Reynolds number will increase, and the energy loss will be large, while the friction coefficient is inversely proportional to Reynolds number. The velocities of clean water samples are 2.90 - 1.07 m/s, tofu - making is 2.83 - 1.07 m/s, household is 2.74 - 0.85 m/s, laundry is 2.84 - 1.03 m/s, and the workshop is 2.54 - 0.66 m/s. The limit deposit velocity (LDV) for household wastewater is 1.49 m/s to prevent deposition in closed channels. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-01-03 Full Text: PDF

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CFD-DEM simulation of the hydrodynamic filtration performance in balaenid whale filter feeding

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Hydrodynamic analysis of bioinspired vortical cross-step filtration by computational modelling

Hydrodynamic analysis of bioinspired vortical cross-step filtration by computational modelling

Dynamic filtration in baleen whales: recent discoveries and emerging trends

Greywater Flow Characteristics for Closed Channel Maintenance

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