CFD study of fluid flow and wall heat transfer in a fixed bed of spheres

Nijemeisland, Michiel; Dixon, Anthony G.

doi:10.1002/aic.10089

Cited by 213 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Temperature of the solid structure (top) and gas-phase temperature and species mole fractions in a single channel in the center of the monolith (below), red = maximum, blue = minimum. a CFD simulation of a fixed bed reactor, taken from Nijemeisland and Dixon [131] . left to right), taken from Neumann et al [137] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nijemeisland and Dixon [131] conducted a CFD simulation of the turbulent flow and heat transport in a periodic test cell with a tube-to-particle diameter ratio of 4; the geometry is shown in Figure 6. The turbulence was modeled by the Renormalization Group (RNG) k-ε model [132] , and two different wall functions (standard [133] and non-equilibrium) were applied to model the flow field near solid surfaces.…”

Section: Fixed Bed Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Catalytic Reactors

Deutschmann

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Catalytic reactors are generally characterized by the complex interaction of various physical and chemical processes. Monolithic reactors can serve as example, in which partial oxidation and reforming of hydrocarbons, combustion of natural gas, and the reduction of pollutant emissions from automobiles are frequently carried out. Figure 1 illustrates the physics and chemistry in a catalytic combustion monolith that glows at a temperature of about 1300 K due to the exothermic oxidation reactions. In each channel of the monolith, the transport of momentum, energy, and chemical species occurs not only in flow (axial) direction, but also in radial direction. The reactants diffuse to the inner channel wall, which is coated with the catalytic material, where the gaseous species adsorb and react on the surface. The products and intermediates desorb and diffuse back into the bulk flow. Due to the high temperatures, the chemical species may also react homogeneously in the gas phase. In catalytic reactors, the catalyst material is often dispersed in porous structures like washcoats or pellets. Mass transport in the fluid phase and chemical reactions are then superimposed by diffusion of the species to the active catalytic centers in the pores. The temperature distribution depends on the interaction of heat convection and conduction in the fluid, heat release due to chemical reactions, heat transport in the solid material, and thermal radiation. If the feed conditions vary in time and space and/or heat transfer occurs between the reactor and the ambience, a non-uniform temperature distribution over the entire monolith will result, and the behavior will differ from channel to channel.Today, the challenge in catalysis is not only the development of new catalysts to synthesize a desired product, but also the understanding of the interaction of the catalyst with the surrounding reactive flow field. Sometimes, the exploitation of these interactions can lead to

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fixed Bed Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Catalytic Reactors

Deutschmann

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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“…Depending on the objective, that is either being able to determine local gas flow and heat transfer properties, as performed e.g. by Nijemeisland and Dixon (2004), or determining flow behaviour at column scale, as discussed in Section 4.1, one would either consider a local approach with no assumption which can be considered as a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) limited to a few number of particles, or a porous-media approach, which makes simulation at column scale possible. In both cases, CFD simulations are thought to be an adequate tool from which quantitative results are expected.…”

Section: Cfd Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Applied to Process Development in the Oil and Gas Industry – A Review

Raynal

Augier

Bazer-Bachi

et al. 2015

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is increasingly used in the oil and gas industry. The present article aims to show how CFD can be used at all steps of the development of a new process, with a focus on refining technologies. Those different steps consist first of setting up tools that will be used during the development phase, second of obtaining data in complement with experiments required for the process development, and finally, of troubleshooting actions or technology developments that will make the process even more efficient. A large number of applications corresponding to various flow configurations, single-phase or gas-liquid, gas-solid or even gas-liquid-solid, characterised by significantly different scales and requiring adapted simulation approaches, are discussed based on original results and a review of the literature. Perspectives are given in particular on the multi-scale approach and physical phenomena coupling.Résumé -La simulation numérique des écoulements appliquée au développement de procédés dans le monde de l'industrie du pétrole et du gaz -une revue -La simulation numérique des écoulements, ou Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), est un outil de plus en plus employé dans les secteurs pétrolier et gazier. Cet article permet d'illustrer comment l'outil numérique est utilisé lors des différents stades de développement d'un nouveau procédé, en particulier dans le monde du raffinage. Ces différentes phases correspondent tout d'abord à la mise au point des équipements qui seront utilisés pour le développement, puis au complément des essais lors de la phase de développement proprement dite et enfin à des actions support pour la résolution de problèmes opératoires ou l'amélioration de technologies qui permettront d'optimiser le procédé. De nombreuses applications correspondant à différents types d'écoulements, monophasique ou gaz-liquide, gazsolide et gaz-liquide-solide, caractérisées par des échelles de résolution différentes et requérant des approches de simulations adaptées sont discutées sur la base de résultats originaux et d'une revue de travaux déjà publiés. Des perspectives sont aussi données tant sur les aspects approche multi-échelles que sur le couplage de phénomènes.

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“…Dixon et al took into account the actual structure of the catalytic fixed bed [104][105][106][107]. Having spheres as catalyst particles, the turbulent flow and heat transport in a periodic test cell with a tube-to-particle diameter ratio of 4 was simulated [108]. The turbulence was modeled by the Renormalization Group (RNG) k-e model [109], and two different wall functions (standard [110] and non-equilibrium) were applied to model the flow field near solid surfaces.…”

Section: Complex Flows Structures: Catalytic Fixed Bed Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of the Interactions Between Catalytic Surfaces and Gas-Phase

Deutschmann

2014

Catal Lett

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The catalytic surface interacts with the gasphase by a variety of chemical and physical processes. Hence, optimization of design and operation conditions of catalytic reactors do not only require the understanding of the catalytic reaction sequence but also its coupling with mass and heat transport and potential homogeneous reactions. The chemical, thermal, and mass-transport interactions between the catalytic surface and the gas-phase are discussed in terms of the individual and combined interactions. The state-of-the-art modelling of reactive flows and its coupling with the catalytic surface is summarized. The interactions are illustrated by a number of examples such as reforming of hydrocarbons, catalytic combustion, exhaust-gas after-treatment, each focusing on a special aspect of catalyst-gas interactions. The potentials and limitations of the numerical simulations will be discussed including experimental techniques for model validation.

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CFD study of fluid flow and wall heat transfer in a fixed bed of spheres

Cited by 213 publications

References 39 publications

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Catalytic Reactors

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Catalytic Reactors

CFD Applied to Process Development in the Oil and Gas Industry – A Review

Modeling of the Interactions Between Catalytic Surfaces and Gas-Phase

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