“…In many scientific research and engineering applications, problems of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) are inevitably encountered, such as the aeroelastic response of airplane wings (Gao, Zhang, & Tang, 2016), vibrations of wind turbine blades (Löhner et al, 2015;Mou, He, Zhao, & Chau, 2017), blood flow through heart valves (Zakaria et al, 2017) and flow past swimming fish or flying insects (Shrivastava, Malushte, Agrawal, & Sharma, 2017). Most of these take place in the fluid domain with complex immersed boundaries (IBs), and these FSI problems present significant challenges to numerical simulations (Akbarian et al, 2018;Ghalandari, Koohshahi, Mohamadian, Shamshirband, & Chau, 2019;Ramezanizadeh, Nazari, Ahmadi, & Chau, 2019) owing to their nonlinear and strongly coupled characteristics (Mhamed & David, 2013;Mosavi, Shamshirband, Salwana, Chau, & Tah, 2019).…”