“…CF affects the function of several organs, in particular the trachea, lung, pancreas and several tissues of the reproductive system (Chan et al, 2009;Guggino and Stanton, 2006;O'Sullivan and Freedman, 2009;Quinton, 1999;Rowe et al, 2005). Almost all male CF patients are diagnosed with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and concurrent absence or atrophy of a large portion of the epididymis (Anguiano et al, 1992;Cuppens and Cassiman, 2004;Oates and Amos, 1994;Patrizio and Zielenski, 1996;Yu et al, 2012). These organs are located downstream of the testis; they are required for sperm maturation, storage and transport, and are thus essential for the establishment of male fertility (Chen et al, 2012b;Cornwall, 2009;Robaire et al, 2006;Shum et al, 2011).…”