(CH3NH3)2PdCl4: A Compound with Two‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Layered Perovskite Structure

Huang, Tang Jiao; Thiang, Zhang Xian; Yin, Xiuli; Tang, Chunhua; Qi, Guo-Jun; Gong, Hao

doi:10.1002/chem.201503680

Cited by 51 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…1) [41, 44]. The incorporation of the B-site cation is limited by ionic size restrictions defined by the X 6 octahedron.…”

Section: Formability and Structural Considerations Of Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) using the ionic radii of the involved A, B, and X ions ( r A , r B , and r X ) [41, 43, 44]. It can be used to evaluate which mismatches in size of the A, B, and X ions are tolerated to form perovskite-like structures: …”

Section: Formability and Structural Considerations Of Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the small ionic radii of transition metal cations such as Cu 2+ (73 pm), Fe 2+ (78 pm), or Pd 2+ (86 pm) sterically hinder the formation of three-dimensional structures, which leads to lower dimensional layered configurations isostructural to Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (e.g. K 2 NiF 4 ) [51, 128] such as (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 CuCl x Br 4− x [53] (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 FeCl 4 [129], or (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 PdCl 4 [44]. …”

Section: Homovalent Substitution With Divalent Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few studies on palladium-based perovskites have been reported so far [44, 146, 147]. Most of the investigated palladium halide perovskites exhibit the general formula A 2 PdX 4 , where A is an organic aliphatic or aromatic ammonium cation (RNH 3 + ) such as CH 3 NH 3 + [44] and n -octylammonium [146], and X is a halide [44].…”

Section: Homovalent Substitution With Divalent Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the investigated palladium halide perovskites exhibit the general formula A 2 PdX 4 , where A is an organic aliphatic or aromatic ammonium cation (RNH 3 + ) such as CH 3 NH 3 + [44] and n -octylammonium [146], and X is a halide [44]. These materials form two-dimensional layered structures consisting of an alternating stack of organic and inorganic layers [44]. …”

Section: Homovalent Substitution With Divalent Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress on lead-free metal halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications: a review

2017

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Metal halide perovskites have revolutionized the field of solution-processable photovoltaics. Within just a few years, the power conversion efficiencies of perovskite-based solar cells have been improved significantly to over 20%, which makes them now already comparably efficient to silicon-based photovoltaics. This breakthrough in solution-based photovoltaics, however, has the drawback that these high efficiencies can only be obtained with lead-based perovskites and this will arguably be a substantial hurdle for various applications of perovskite-based photovoltaics and their acceptance in society, even though the amounts of lead in the solar cells are low. This fact opened up a new research field on lead-free metal halide perovskites, which is currently remarkably vivid. We took this as incentive to review this emerging research field and discuss possible alternative elements to replace lead in metal halide perovskites and the properties of the corresponding perovskite materials based on recent theoretical and experimental studies. Up to now, tin-based perovskites turned out to be most promising in terms of power conversion efficiency; however, also the toxicity of these tin-based perovskites is argued. In the focus of the research community are other elements as well including germanium, copper, antimony, or bismuth, and the corresponding perovskite compounds are already showing promising properties.Graphical abstract

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“…1) [41, 44]. The incorporation of the B-site cation is limited by ionic size restrictions defined by the X 6 octahedron.…”

Section: Formability and Structural Considerations Of Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formability and Structural Considerations Of Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Homovalent Substitution With Divalent Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Homovalent Substitution With Divalent Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Homovalent Substitution With Divalent Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress on lead-free metal halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications: a review

2017

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Polymer Electrolytes for Perovskite Solar Cell and Challenges

Singh

Rhee

Bhattacharya

et al. 2019

Polymer Electrolytes

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From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

2019

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serious challenges due to the inclusion of toxic Pb and instability against moisture, heat, and irradiation. In recent years, significant efforts have been paid to develop Pb-free halide perovskite and perovskite derivative absorber materials. However, so far, solar cells based on these materials show significantly inferior performances as compared to their Pb halide perovskite counterparts. Herein, we provide reviews on the fundamental understandings of the photovoltaic properties from Pb halide perovskites to Pb-free metal halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives as well as the experimental results reported in the literature. The results suggest that replacing Pb by nontoxic elements may degrade the superior photovoltaic properties seen in Pb halide perovskites, explaining the fact that all reported solar cells based on Pb-free perovskites or perovskite derivatives show performances significantly lower than Pb halide perovskite solar cells. Overview: Approaches and Consequences of Pb ReplacementWe first provide an overview of the approaches and consequences of Pb replacement reported in the literature, as shown in Figure 1. In general, there are two categories for Pb replacement: using either homovalent elements such as Sn and Ge or heterovalent elements such as Bi and Sb. The heterovalent replacement category can be divided into two subcategories based on the ways to maintain the charge neutrality: ion-splitting and ordered vacancy. The ion-splitting subcategory can be further divided into mixed anion compounds with the formula of AB(Ch,X) 3 , where Ch represents a chalcogen element, and X represents a halogen element, and mixed cation compounds with a formula of A 2 B(I)B(III)X 6 , which are commonly called double perovskites. The ordered vacancy subcategory can also be divided into the B(III) compounds with a formula of A 3 ◻B(III)X 9 and the B(IV) compounds with a formula of A 2 ◻ B(IV)X 6 (the sign of ◻ indicates vacancy). Figure 1 also summarizes the photovoltaic properties and the stabilities of each group of materials, which provides a clear overview of the consequences of Pb replacement. While the homovalent replacement by Sn or Ge leads to instability, the heterovalent Pb replacement leads to degraded electronic properties mainly due to the reduction on electronic dimensionality. As a result, all the reported Pb-free perovskite and perovskite derivative solar Despite the exciting progress on power conversion efficiencies, the commercialization of the emerging lead (Pb) halide perovskite solar cell technology still faces significant challenges, one of which is the inclusion of toxic Pb. Searching for Pb-free perovskite solar cell absorbers is currently an attractive research direction. The approaches used for and the consequences of Pb replacement are reviewed herein. Reviews on the theoretical understanding of the electronic, optical, and defect properties of Pb and Pb-free halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives are provided, as well as the experimental results available in the literature....

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(CH₃NH₃)₂PdCl₄: A Compound with Two‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Layered Perovskite Structure

Cited by 51 publications

References 40 publications

Progress on lead-free metal halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications: a review

Progress on lead-free metal halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications: a review

Polymer Electrolytes for Perovskite Solar Cell and Challenges

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

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