Chaetomium Enzymes and Their Applications

Darwish, Amira M.G.; Abdel-Azeem, Ahmed M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31612-9_9

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Species associated with the late phase of straw decomposition were reported to be endophytic with high enzymatic activities— Chloridium aseptatum [ 64 ] and Scytalidium [ 65 , 66 ]. Other saprophytic fungi found in the community, usually associated with soil or plants and reported to have high enzymatic activity, were Albifimbria verrucaria [ 67 ], Chaetomiaceae [ 68 , 69 ], Occultifur [ 70 , 71 ], Waitea circinata [ 72 ]. Coniochaetaceae, which is widely presented in the later phase, is a family with well-known lignocellulolytic fungi [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Succession of the Cellulolytic Microbial Community from the Soil during Oat Straw Decomposition

Kimeklis

Gladkov

Орлова

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The process of straw decomposition is dynamic and is accompanied by the succession of the microbial decomposing community, which is driven by poorly understood interactions between microorganisms. Soil is a complex ecological niche, and the soil microbiome can serve as a source of potentially active cellulolytic microorganisms. Here, we performed an experiment on the de novo colonization of oat straw by the soil microbial community by placing nylon bags with sterilized oat straw in the pots filled with chernozem soil and incubating them for 6 months. The aim was to investigate the changes in decomposer microbiota during this process using conventional sequencing techniques. The bacterial succession during straw decomposition occurred in three phases: the early phase (first month) was characterized by high microbial activity and low diversity, the middle phase (second to third month) was characterized by low activity and low diversity, and the late phase (fourth to sixth months) was characterized by low activity and high diversity. Analysis of amplicon sequencing data revealed three groups of co-changing phylotypes corresponding to these phases. The early active phase was abundant in the cellulolytic members from Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota, and Actinobacteriota for bacteria and Ascomycota for fungi, and most of the primary phylotypes were gone by the end of the phase. The second intermediate phase was marked by the set of phylotypes from the same phyla persisting in the community. In the mature community of the late phase, apart from the core phylotypes, non-cellulolytic members from Bdellovibrionota, Myxococcota, Chloroflexota, and Thermoproteota appeared. Full metagenome sequencing of the microbial community from the end of the middle phase confirmed that major bacterial and fungal members of this consortium had genes of glycoside hydrolases (GH) connected to cellulose and chitin degradation. The real-time analysis of the selection of these genes showed that their representation varied between phases, and this occurred under the influence of the host, and not the GH family factor. Our findings demonstrate that soil microbial community may act as an efficient source of cellulolytic microorganisms and that colonization of the cellulolytic substrate occurs in several phases, each characterized by its own taxonomic and functional profile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Succession of the Cellulolytic Microbial Community from the Soil during Oat Straw Decomposition

Kimeklis

Gladkov

Орлова

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Recently, this fungus was involved in high-temperature protein adaptation studies that demonstrated that protein glycosylation and deglycosylation are the mechanisms that allow their thermophily [ 40 ]. Furthermore, different authors have investigated this species’ enzymes in the breakdown of lignocellulose for biofuel-renewable biomass, as well as for their potential to degrade cellulosic waste [ 18 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Synthesis of Low Cytotoxicity Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the Fungus Chaetomium thermophilum—Sustainable Nanotechnology

Alves

Paschoal

Klimeck

et al. 2022

JoF

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Fungal biotechnology research has rapidly increased as a result of the growing awareness of sustainable development and the pressing need to explore eco-friendly options. In the nanotechnology field, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are currently being studied for application in cancer therapy, tumour detection, drug delivery, and elsewhere. Therefore, synthesising nanoparticles (NPs) with low toxicity has become essential in the biomedical area. The fungus Chaetomium thermophilum (C. thermophilum) was here investigated—to the best of our knowledge, for the first time—for application in the production of AgNPs. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images demonstrated a spherical AgNP shape, with an average size of 8.93 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) confirmed the presence of elemental silver. A neutral red uptake (NRU) test evaluated the cytotoxicity of the AgNPs at different inhibitory concentrations (ICs). A half-maximal concentration (IC50 = 119.69 µg/mL) was used to predict a half-maximal lethal dose (LD50 = 624.31 mg/kg), indicating a Global Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) acute toxicity estimate (ATE) classification category of 4. The fungus extract showed a non-toxic profile at the IC tested. Additionally, the interaction between the AgNPs and the Balb/c 3T3 NIH cells at an ultrastructural level resulted in preserved cells structures at non-toxic concentrations (IC20 = 91.77 µg/mL), demonstrating their potential as sustainable substitutes for physical and chemically made AgNPs. Nonetheless, at the IC50, the cytoplasm of the cells was damaged and mitochondrial morphological alteration was evident. This fact highlights the fact that dose-dependent phenomena are involved, as well as emphasising the importance of investigating NPs’ effects on mitochondria, as disruption to this organelle can impact health.

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“…Species associated with the late phase of straw decomposition were reported to be endophytic with high enzymatic activities -Chloridium aseptatum [60], Scytalidium [61,62], Colletotrichum sidae [63]. Other saprophytic fungi, found in the community, usually associated with soil or plants and reported to have high enzymatic activity, were Humicola sardiniae [64][65][66], Gibberella intricans [67,68], Albifimbria verrucaria [69], Chaetomium iranianum [70,71], Occultifur [72,73], Waitea circinata [74]. Coniochaeta, which is widely presented in the later phase, is a genus with well-known lignocellulolytic fungi [75,76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Succession of the Cellulolytic Microbial Community from the Soil during Oat Straw Decomposition

Kimeklis¹,

Gladkov²,

Orlova³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The decomposition of straw is a dynamic process, which is reflected in the decomposing microbial consortia, however, this process is poorly understood. Here we performed an experiment on the gradual colonization of oat straw by the soil microbial community. The results showed that soil respiration and bacterial diversity were negatively correlated – while the first decreased, the latter increased. In accordance with the dynamics of diversity and respiration, succession was divided into early, middle, and late decomposition phases. Analysis of 16S rRNA and ITS2 amplicon sequencing data revealed three jointly changing groups of phylotypes, corresponding with distinguished phases of decomposition. The presence of cellulolytic members of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota for bacteria and Ascomycota for fungi had been detected since the early phase, but most of the initial phylotypes were gone by the end of the phase. The second phase marked the functional core with a constant set of other phylotypes from these phyla, persisting in the community. Full metagenome sequencing of the microbial community from the end of the middle phase confirmed that major members of this consortium had GH genes, connected to cellulose and chitin degradation. The appearance of non-cellulolytic members from Bdellovibrio, Myxococcota, Chloroflexi, and Crenarchaeota characterized the last phase of the mature community.

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Chaetomium Enzymes and Their Applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

The Succession of the Cellulolytic Microbial Community from the Soil during Oat Straw Decomposition

The Succession of the Cellulolytic Microbial Community from the Soil during Oat Straw Decomposition

Biological Synthesis of Low Cytotoxicity Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the Fungus Chaetomium thermophilum—Sustainable Nanotechnology

The Succession of the Cellulolytic Microbial Community from the Soil during Oat Straw Decomposition

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