Chagas Disease Ecology in the United States: Recent Advances in Understanding <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Transmission Among Triatomines, Wildlife, and Domestic Animals and a Quantitative Synthesis of Vector–Host Interactions

Busselman, Rachel E.; Hamer, Sarah A.

doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-013120-043949

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…In the southern US, the species in our study are typically considered sylvatic and are predominantly maintained by wildlife species. A recent quantitative synthesis from 14 published bloodmeal analysis studies of triatomines found in the US showed at least 44 host taxa/host groups represented among 449 insects, emphasizing their opportunistic and indiscriminate feeding behaviors 58 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of triatomine bloodmeal sources using direct Sanger sequencing and amplicon deep sequencing methods

Balasubramanian

Curtis‐Robles

Chirra

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Knowledge of host associations of blood-feeding vectors may afford insights into managing disease systems and protecting public health. However, the ability of methods to distinguish bloodmeal sources varies widely. We used two methods—Sanger sequencing and amplicon deep sequencing—to target a 228 bp region of the vertebrate Cytochrome b gene and determine hosts fed upon by triatomines (n = 115) collected primarily in Texas, USA. Direct Sanger sequencing of PCR amplicons was successful for 36 samples (31%). Sanger sequencing revealed 15 distinct host species, which included humans, domestic animals (Canis lupus familiaris, Ovis aries, Gallus gallus, Bos taurus, Felis catus, and Capra hircus), wildlife (Rattus rattus, Incilius nebulifer, Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger, and Odocoileus virginianus), and captive animals (Panthera tigris, Colobus spp., and Chelonoidis carbonaria). Samples sequenced by the Sanger method were also subjected to Illumina MiSeq amplicon deep sequencing. The amplicon deep sequencing results (average of 302,080 usable reads per sample) replicated the host community revealed using Sanger sequencing, and detected additional hosts in five triatomines (13.9%), including two additional blood sources (Procyon lotor and Bassariscus astutus). Up to four bloodmeal sources were detected in a single triatomine (I. nebulifer, Homo sapiens, C. lupus familiaris, and S. carolinensis). Enhanced understanding of vector-host-parasite networks may allow for integrated vector management programs focusing on highly-utilized and highly-infected host species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of triatomine bloodmeal sources using direct Sanger sequencing and amplicon deep sequencing methods

Balasubramanian

Curtis‐Robles

Chirra

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a life-threatening disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. (T. cruzi) [67]. An estimated 6-7 million people worldwide are infected with T. cruzi, mostly in Latin America, the parasite that causes Chagas disease [68].…”

Section: Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection-induced Cardiomyopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Wen¹,

Radhakrishnan²

2023

Novel Pathogenesis and Treatments for Cardiovascular Disease

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The irreversible termination of individual life activities and metabolism means all fatal problems ultimately terminate the heart function. It’s very important to protect the patient’s life if we have treatment to maintain heart function and care about patients’ heart response. It is known that many diseases induced heart dysfunction including Chagas disease, burn injury, smoking and other bad stresses. Chronic stress causes these physical symptoms and emotional symptoms. Due to the awareness created by the media and internet, patients are generally aware that they should seek help immediately for chest pain. Therefore, attention and studies on stress-induced heart dysfunction would help uncover the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac response to non-heart diseases and provide an insight of heart-protection drugs. At the same time, physicians should be aware of this new condition and how to diagnose and treat it, even though the causal mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This special chapter will discuss on the cardiac response to the stresses especially on our associated research in recent decades such as Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi)-induced cardiomyopathy and burn injury–induced cardiomyopathy, and on some very popular stresses such as behavior, motion, mental, and smoking.

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“…Trypanosoma cruzi transmission involves complex interactions between the parasite, multiple host species, and sylvatic vector populations [4,5]. As generalist vectors, triatomines feed on a broad range of domestic and wild mammals and other vertebrate species, each with varying roles in maintaining T. cruzi transmission cycles [5,6,7,8,9,10]. In domestic cycles of T. cruzi transmission, triatomines colonize human habitations and feed primarily on humans and domestic animals, while in the sylvatic cycle of transmission, triatomines live in nests or burrows, feeding on diverse wildlife species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of fluralaner treatment regimens for the control of canine Chagas disease: A mathematical modeling study

et al. 2023

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Background Canine Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insect triatomine vectors known as kissing bugs. The agent can cause cardiac damage and long-term heart disease and death in humans, dogs, and other mammals. In laboratory settings, treatment of dogs with systemic insecticides has been shown to be highly efficacious at killing triatomines that feed on treated dogs. Method We developed compartmental vector-host models of T. cruzi transmission between the triatomine and dog population accounting for the impact of seasonality and triatomine migration on disease transmission dynamics. We considered a single vector-host model without seasonality, and model with seasonality, and a spatially coupled model. We used the models to evaluate the effectiveness of the insecticide fluralaner with different durations of treatment regimens for reducing T. cruzi infection in different transmission settings. Results In low and medium transmission settings, our model showed a marginal difference between the 3-month and 6-month regimens for reducing T. cruzi infection among dogs. The difference increases in the presence of seasonality and triatomine migration from a sylvatic transmission setting. In high transmission settings, the 3-month regimen was substantially more effective in reducing T. cruzi infections in dogs than the other regimens. Our model showed that increased migration rate reduces fluralaner effectiveness in all treatment regimens, but the relative reduction in effectiveness is minimal during the first years of treatment. However, if an additional 10% or more of triatomines killed by dog treatment were eaten by dogs, treatment could increase T. cruzi infections in the dog population at least during the first year of treatment. Conclusion Our analysis shows that treating all peridomestic dogs every three to six months for at least five years could be an effective measure to reduce T. cruzi infections in dogs and triatomines in peridomestic transmission settings. However, further studies at the local scale are needed to better understand the potential impact of routine use of fluralaner treatment on increasing dogs’ consumption of dead triatomines.

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Chagas Disease Ecology in the United States: Recent Advances in Understanding Trypanosoma cruzi Transmission Among Triatomines, Wildlife, and Domestic Animals and a Quantitative Synthesis of Vector–Host Interactions

Cited by 31 publications

References 134 publications

Characterization of triatomine bloodmeal sources using direct Sanger sequencing and amplicon deep sequencing methods

Characterization of triatomine bloodmeal sources using direct Sanger sequencing and amplicon deep sequencing methods

Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Effectiveness of fluralaner treatment regimens for the control of canine Chagas disease: A mathematical modeling study

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