2019
DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00023-19
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Chagas Disease in the United States: a Public Health Approach

Abstract: SUMMARY Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, usually transmitted by triatomine vectors. An estimated 20 to 30% of infected individuals develop potentially lethal cardiac or gastrointestinal disease. Sylvatic transmission cycles exist in the southern United States, involving 11 triatomine vector species and infected mammals such as rodents, opossums, and dogs. Nevertheless, imported chronic T. cruzi infections in migrants from Latin America vastly outnumber locally acquired human cases.… Show more

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Cited by 199 publications
(223 citation statements)
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“…Chagas disease is endemic in many areas of Latin America, and is a particular problem amongst the rural poor, where an estimated 6-7 million people are infected with the causative agent, the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi [1]. The disease has also become a global health problem, with several hundred thousand infected individuals within migrant populations, mainly in the USA and Europe [2,3]. The principal route of T. cruzi infection is via hematophagous triatomine bugs, although oral (contaminated food and drink) and congenital transmission are also important, along with blood transfusion and organ transplantation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chagas disease is endemic in many areas of Latin America, and is a particular problem amongst the rural poor, where an estimated 6-7 million people are infected with the causative agent, the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi [1]. The disease has also become a global health problem, with several hundred thousand infected individuals within migrant populations, mainly in the USA and Europe [2,3]. The principal route of T. cruzi infection is via hematophagous triatomine bugs, although oral (contaminated food and drink) and congenital transmission are also important, along with blood transfusion and organ transplantation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The life cycle of T. cruzi is complex and involves the epimastigote and amastigote replicative stages in the invertebrate and vertebrate hosts respectively, and the trypomastigote infective stage (15). In the hematophagous invertebrate host, parasites must thrive in a pro-oxidant microenvironment caused by the blood degradation and heme release (16).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Oral, congenital and blood transfusion are other important transmission routes. 6-7 million people in Latin America are infected with T. cruzi (1), and as a result of migration, there are now hundreds of thousands of infected individuals in non-endemic regions, particularly the USA and Europe (2,3).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%