Chagas Disease Vector Control

Gürtler, Ricardo E.; Cecere, María C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64548-9_18

Cited by 25 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Most human infections are acquired from contact with triatomine bug species that establish persistent colonies in domestic premises or nearby habitats. The advent of synthetic insecticides in the mid-1940s that could be applied with manual compression sprayers were the main tools used in vertical control programs to suppress house infestation with triatomine bugs and prevent human infection with T. cruzi [ 3 ]. Pyrethroid insecticides have monopolized triatomine control strategies since the mid-1980s, more so since the creation of intergovernmental initiatives during the 1990s that sought to interrupt vector-borne and transfusional transmission of T. cruzi at regional scales [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immediate solution was to revert to organophosphates (fenitrothion, malathion) and carbamates (bendiocarb) despite their less than optimal safety profiles. Other alternatives investigated, including fipronil, imidacloprip, entomopathogenic fungi and dichlorvos (DDVP)-based fumigant canisters [ 13 ], were found to be efficacious against pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans but had limited residual activity [ 3 ]. Insecticidal paints, including chlorpyrifos, diazinon and pyriproxyfen, provided an effective and longer-lasting option than pyrethroids [ 14 , 15 ], but organophosphate-based paints have subsequently been restricted or phased out for residential use based on their neurotoxic effects with chronic low-dose exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of dogs with fluralaner reduced pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans abundance, Trypanosoma cruzi infection and human-triatomine contact in the Argentine Chaco

et al. 2022

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Background Triatomine elimination efforts and the interruption of domestic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi are hampered by pyrethroid resistance. Fluralaner, a long-lasting ectoparasiticide administered to dogs, substantially reduced site infestation and abundance of pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans Klug (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in an ongoing 10-month trial in Castelli (Chaco Province, Argentina). We assessed the effects of fluralaner on vector infection with T. cruzi and blood meal sources stratified by ecotope and quantified its medium-term effects on site infestation and triatomine abundance. Methods We conducted a placebo-controlled, before-and-after efficacy trial of fluralaner in 28 infested sites over a 22-month period. All dogs received either an oral dose of fluralaner (treated group) or placebo (control group) at 0 month post-treatment [MPT]. Placebo-treated dogs were rescue-treated with fluralaner at 1 MPT, as were all eligible dogs at 7 MPT. Site-level infestation and abundance were periodically assessed by timed manual searches with a dislodging aerosol. Vector infection was mainly determined by kDNA-PCR and blood meal sources were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In fluralaner-treated households, site infestation dropped from 100% at 0 MPT to 18–19% over the period 6–22 MPT while mean abundance plummeted from 5.5 to 0.6 triatomines per unit effort. In control households, infestation dropped similarly post-treatment. The overall prevalence of T. cruzi infection steadily decreased from 13.8% at 0–1 MPT (baseline) to 6.4% and subsequently 2.3% thereafter, while in domiciles, kitchens and storerooms it dropped from 17.4% to 4.7% and subsequently 3.3% thereafter. Most infected triatomines occurred in domiciles and had fed on humans. Infected-bug abundance plummeted after fluralaner treatment and remained marginal or nil thereafter. The human blood index of triatomines collected in domiciles, kitchens and storerooms highly significantly fell from 42.9% at baseline to 5.3–9.1% over the period 6–10 MPT, increasing to 36.8% at 22 MPT. Dog blood meals occurred before fluralaner administration only. The cat blood index increased from 9.9% at baseline to 57.9–72.7% over the period 6–10 MPT and dropped to 5.3% at 22 MPT, whereas chicken blood meals rose from 39.6% to 63.2–88.6%. Conclusion Fluralaner severely impacted infestation- and transmission-related indices over nearly 2 years, causing evident effects at 1 MPT, and deserves larger efficacy trials. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of dogs with fluralaner reduced pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans abundance, Trypanosoma cruzi infection and human-triatomine contact in the Argentine Chaco

et al. 2022

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“…Residual spraying with insecticides has traditionally been used to suppress house infestation with triatomine bugs and interrupt the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi , the aetiologic agent of Chagas disease (Gürtler & Cecere, 2021). Pyrethroid insecticides have dominated the scene of triatomine control since the mid‐1980s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…xenointoxication) may well fit an integrated vector management strategy. This approach is not new: early efforts soon after the discovery of organochlorine insecticides involved treating chickens with gamma‐benzene‐hexachloride to suppress large infestations in chicken coops (Gürtler & Cecere, 2021). Several molecules and delivery systems displaying encouraging levels of efficacy against triatomines were not as cost‐effective as residual spraying with pyrethroids, including deltamethrin‐ or fipronil‐impregnated dog collars (Gürtler, Ceballos, Stariolo, et al, 2009b; Reithinger et al, 2005) and spot‐on or pour‐on formulations of imidacloprid and cypermethrin administered to chickens, goats and pigeons (Amelotti et al, 2014; Carvajal et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of pyrethroid‐resistant populations of Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, by treating dogs with fluralaner in the Argentine Chaco

Laiño

Cardinal

Gaspe

et al. 2021

Medical Vet Entomology

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We assessed whether fluralaner administered to outbred healthy dogs reduced or supressed site infestation and abundance of pyrethroid‐resistant populations of Triatoma infestans Klug (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). We conducted a placebo‐controlled before‐and‐after efficacy trial in 28 infested sites in Castelli (Argentine Chaco) over 10 months. All 72 dogs initially present received either an oral dose of fluralaner (treated group) or placebo (control group) at month 0 posttreatment (MPT). Preliminary results justified treating all 38 control‐house dogs with fluralaner 1 month later, and 71 of 78 existing dogs at 7 MPT. Site‐level infestation and triatomine abundance were evaluated using timed manual searches with a dislodging aerosol. In the fluralaner‐treated group, infestation dropped significantly from 100% at baseline to 19% over 6–10 MPT whereas mean abundance fell highly significantly from 5.5 to 0.8–0.9 triatomines per unit effort. In the placebo group, site infestation and mean abundance remained stable between 0 and 1 MPT, and strongly declined after fluralaner administration from 13.0−14.7 ‐ triatomines at 0–1 MPT to 4.0–4.2 over 6–10 MPT. Only one of 81 noninfested sites before fluralaner treatment became infested subsequently. Fluralaner significantly reduced the site‐level infestation and abundance of pyrethroid‐resistant T. infestans and should be tested more widely in Phase III efficacy trials.

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Dogs and Their Role in the Eco-epidemiology of Chagas Disease

Gürtler

Cardinal

2020

Parasitology Research Monographs

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Chagas Disease Vector Control

Cited by 25 publications

References 179 publications

Treatment of dogs with fluralaner reduced pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans abundance, Trypanosoma cruzi infection and human-triatomine contact in the Argentine Chaco

Treatment of dogs with fluralaner reduced pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans abundance, Trypanosoma cruzi infection and human-triatomine contact in the Argentine Chaco

Control of pyrethroid‐resistant populations of Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, by treating dogs with fluralaner in the Argentine Chaco

Dogs and Their Role in the Eco-epidemiology of Chagas Disease

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