Chain-length dependency of interactions of medium-chain fatty acids with glucose metabolism in acini isolated from lactating rat mammary glands. A putative feed-back to control milk lipid synthesis from glucose

Heesom, Kate J; Souza, Paulo F.A.; Ilic, Vera; Williamson, Dermot H.

doi:10.1042/bj2810273

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…More recently, inhibition of mammary lipogenesis by medium chain fatty acids has been observed (Agius & Williamson, 1980;Heesom et al, 1992). Heesom et al (1992) suggested that FIL may regulate lactose and casein synthesis, whereas fat synthesis may be regulated by a negative feedback mechanism involving medium chain fatty acids.…”

Section: Negative Feedback On Milk Fat Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Mammary Development as It Relates to Changes in Milk Production Efficiency

Wall¹,

McFadden²

2012

Milk Production - An Up-to-Date Overview of Animal Nutrition, Management and Health

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Section: Negative Feedback On Milk Fat Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Mammary Development as It Relates to Changes in Milk Production Efficiency

Wall¹,

McFadden²

2012

Milk Production - An Up-to-Date Overview of Animal Nutrition, Management and Health

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“…Recent research suggests that autocrine mechanisms appear to control the rate of milk synthesis in rats (Heesom, Souza, Ilic & Williamson, 1992), goats Wilde, Calvert, Daly & Peaker, 1987), marsupials (Sharman, 1970) and women (Prentice, Addey & Wilde, 1989;Daly et al 1993 b). A 7-6 kDa component of the whey fraction of goats' milk (feedback inhibitor of lactation, FIL) has been shown to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of milk by stopping membrane trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body (Wilde, Addey, Boddy-Finch & Peaker, 1995).…”

Section: Autocrine Control Of Milk Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood and milk prolactin and the rate of milk synthesis in women

Cox¹,

Owens²,

Hartmann³

1996

Experimental Physiology

136

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SUMMARYIn women, the concentration of prolactin in the plasma increases in response to nipple stimulation. This response has led to the assumption that prolactin influences the rate of milk synthesis. To investigate this hypothesis we have measured 24 h milk production, the short-term (between breastfeeds) rates of milk synthesis and the concentration of prolactin in the blood and breastmilk, from 1 to 6 months of lactation in eleven women. Over the long term, the 24 h milk production remained constant (means + S.E.M.): 708 + 54-7 g/24 h (n = 11) and 742 + 79-4 g/24 h (n = 9) at 1 and 6 months, respectively. The average short-term rate of milk synthesis (calculated from the increase in breast volume between breastfeeds; means + S.E.M.) did not change: 23 + 3 5 ml/h (n = 23) and 23 + 3 4 ml/h (n = 21) at 1 and 6 months, respectively. However, significant variation in the short-term rate of milk synthesis (from <5-8 to 90 ml/h) was found both between breasts, measured concurrently (coefficient of variation, c.v. = 72 %), and within the same breast, measured over consecutive breastfeeds (c.v. = 85 %). The basal and suckling-stimulated concentrations of prolactin in the plasma (means + S.E.M.) declined from 1 to 6 months (basal, from 119 + 93 to 59 + 29 ,ug/l; peak, from 286 + 109 to 91 + 44 ug/1). In contrast, the concentration of prolactin in milk was much lower than in plasma, and decreased only slightly from 1 to 6 months of lactation (fore-milk, from 26.4 + 10 to 23 3 + 988ug/l; hind-milk, from 18-9 + 5.1 to 13 2 + 6-3 jtg/l). The concentration of prolactin in the milk was related to the degree of fullness of the breast, such that the concentration was highest when the breast was full. We found no relationship between the concentration of prolactin in the plasma and the rate of milk synthesis in either the short or long term. However, the relationship between the concentration of prolactin in milk and the degree of fullness of the breast suggests that the internalization of prolactin, after binding to its receptor, may be restricted when the alveolus is distended with milk.

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“…In fact, many of the initial pathways of FA biosynthesis were defined using mammary tissue from lactating ruminants and rodents (1). The unique feature of FA synthesis in the MG is that saturated FA with 6 -14 carbons constitutes the major product of de novo FA synthesis in these animals (10,38,39). This is because the mammary alveolar cells contain thioesterase II (OLAH), which terminates FA synthesis after the addition of 8 -16 carbons (21).…”

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confidence: 99%

De novo synthesis of milk triglycerides in humans

Mohammad

Sunehag

Haymond

2014

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Mohammad MA, Sunehag AL, Haymond MW. De novo synthesis of milk triglycerides in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 306: E838 -E847, 2014. First published February 11, 2014 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00605.2013 de novo lipogenesis contributes significantly to milk fat in animals but little is known in humans. Objective: To test the hypothesis that the incorporation of 13 C carbons from [U-13 C]glucose into fatty acids (FA) and glycerol in triglycerides (TG) will be greater: 1) in milk than plasma TG, 2) during a high-carbohydrate (H-CHO) diet than high-fat (H-FAT) diet, and 3) during feeding than fasting. Seven healthy, lactating women were studied on two isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets. On one occasion, subjects received diets containing H-FAT or H-CHO diet for 1 wk. Incorporation of 13 C from infused [U-13 C]glucose into FA and glycerol was measured using GC-MS and gene expression in RNA isolated from milk fat globule using microarrays. Incorporation of 13 C2 into milk FA increased with increased FA chain length from C2:0 to C12:0 but progressively declined in C14:0 and C16:0 and was not detected in FAϾC16. During feeding, regardless of diets, enrichment of 13 C2 in milk FA and 13 C3 in milk glycerol were ϳ3-and ϳ7-fold higher compared with plasma FA and glycerol, respectively. Following an overnight fast during H-CHO and H-FAT diets, 25 and 6%, respectively, of medium-chain FA (MCFA, C6 -C12) in milk were derived from glucose but increased to 75 and 25% with feeding. Expression of genes involved in FA or glycerol synthesis was unchanged regardless of diet or fast/fed conditions. The human MG is capable of de novo lipogenesis of primarily MCFA and glycerol, which is influenced by the macronutrient composition of the maternal diet. fatty acid; glycerol; GC-MS; gene expression; lipogenesis; stable isotopes TRIGLYCERIDES (TG) make up 98% of the lipid content and, in humans, contributes 40 -50% of the total energy content (28). Total milk lipid content ranges, depending on the species, from 0 to 50% of the total milk volume (20). The fatty acid (FA) composition of the TG is dependents on the dietary FA composition, the dietary carbohydrate/lipid ratio and the species. Milk TG contains FA that are derived from three sources: de novo mammary gland (MG) synthesis, dietary lipids, and endogenous fat stores (adipose or hepatic lipids) (7). Data from a study comparing the milk fats from seven different species (4) revealed that the milk fats of humans, dogs, and guinea pigs are largely (92, 93, and 97%, respectively) made up of longchain FA (LCFA). The milk fats of horses contain large amounts (ϳ33%) of medium-chain FA (MCFA); however, the milk fats of cows, sheep, and goats are enriched (13-15%) in short-chain FA (SCFA) (4). The MG is one of three primary lipid-synthesizing organs in the body; the other two are liver and adipose tissue (48). In fact, many of the initial pathways of FA biosynthesis were defined using mammary tissue from lactating ruminants and rodents (1). The unique feature of FA synthesis in the MG is th...

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Chain-length dependency of interactions of medium-chain fatty acids with glucose metabolism in acini isolated from lactating rat mammary glands. A putative feed-back to control milk lipid synthesis from glucose

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Regulation of Mammary Development as It Relates to Changes in Milk Production Efficiency

Regulation of Mammary Development as It Relates to Changes in Milk Production Efficiency

Blood and milk prolactin and the rate of milk synthesis in women

De novo synthesis of milk triglycerides in humans

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