Chain length of covalently bound ceramides correlates with skin barrier function in healthy subjects

Kawamoto, Akane; Yoshida, Hiroyuki; Haneoka, Mai; Nakamura, Shun; Kabashima, Kenji; Takahashi, Yūzō

doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.02.007

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…These findings need to be corroborated as they are diametrically opposed to those of others. Kawamoto et al [102] reported on the chain length of CBL from the SC from the inner upper arm with barrier function and found the chain lengths of CER OS and OH were negatively correlated with TEWL. Also, these workers found that only saturated CEROH correlated negatively with TEWL.…”

Section: (Patho)physiology Of ω -L Ino Leo Ylo Xya Cyl Ceramides and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of stratum corneum ω‐linoleoyloxyacylceramides in human skin barrier health: their biochemistry, processing enzymes and metabolites involved in corneocyte lipid envelope maturation

Rawlings,

Lane,

Voegeli

2024

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Over the past 50 years there have been great strides made in the discovery of the composition and relevance of the total stratum corneum (SC) ceramide matrix. However, the focus of this review is on the free intercellular class of ω‐linoleoyloxyacylceramides, corneocyte‐bound ceramides and associated lipids known as the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE) together with their processing enzymes involved in aiding ceramide attachment the corneocyte protein envelope (CPE). Two structural models and partially shared biosynthetic pathways have been proposed for the attachment of CPE‐bound O‐ceramides (ω‐hydroxyceramides attached to glutamate residues of proteins in the (CPE) using the 12R‐lipoxygenase (12R‐LOX)/epidermal lipoxygenase‐3 (eLOX3)/epoxide hydrolase‐3 (EPHX3)/unknown esterase/ transglutaminase‐1 (TG1) attachment pathway) and CPE‐bound EO‐ceramides (epoxy‐enone ceramides attached to cysteine residues of proteins in the CPE using the 12R‐LOX/eLOX3/short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7 (SDR9C7)/non‐enzymatic attachment pathway), i.e. there is a bifurcation step beyond epidermal eLOX3. Their formation and structures will be discussed as well as their relevance in compromised skin barrier conditions together with our own work on SC maturation examined by proteomics, lipidomics, enzyme immunolocalization studies, mechanical fragility assays and Nile red staining of corneocyte envelopes (CE). Reduced levels of 12R‐LOX, eLOX3, SDR9C7 and TG1 were observed in photodamaged skin of the cheeks that were associated with reduced SC maturation as evidenced by Nile red staining and increased CE fragility. In the severely photodamaged cheeks of Albino African SC we also observed increased levels of acylceramides. Concomitantly by reducing the activity of 12R‐LOX by antibody inhibition and TG1 inhibition with a known chemical inhibitor, we demonstrated in a humidity‐based ex vivo SC maturation model that these enzymes contributed to increased CE hydrophobicity and mechanical integrity. We hypothesize that at least the CPE‐bound O‐ceramide pathway is operational in the SC. Nevertheless, our understanding of the full complexity of ω‐linoleoyloxyacylceramides and the composition of the CLE is limited particularly on cosmetically relevant body sites such as the face.

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Section: (Patho)physiology Of ω -L Ino Leo Ylo Xya Cyl Ceramides and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of stratum corneum ω‐linoleoyloxyacylceramides in human skin barrier health: their biochemistry, processing enzymes and metabolites involved in corneocyte lipid envelope maturation

Rawlings,

Lane,

Voegeli

2024

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Epidermal biomarkers of the skin barrier in atopic and contact dermatitis

2023

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Dysfunction of the skin barrier plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. Epidermal biomarkers can aid in evaluating the functionality of the skin barrier and understanding the mechanisms that underlay its impairment. This narrative review provides an overview of recent studies on epidermal biomarkers associated with the function and integrity of the skin barrier, and their application in research on atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. The reviewed studies encompass a wide spectrum of molecular, morphological and biophysical biomarkers, mainly obtained from stratum corneum tape strips and biopsies. Lipids, natural moisturizing factors, and structural proteins are the most frequently reported molecular biomarkers. Additionally, corneocyte surface topography and elasticity show potential as biomarkers for assessing the physical barrier of the skin. In contact dermatitis studies, biomarkers are commonly employed to evaluate skin irritation and differentiate between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. In atopic dermatitis, biomarkers are primarily utilized to identify differences between atopic and healthy skin, for predictive purposes, and monitoring response to therapies. While this overview identifies potential biomarkers for the skin barrier, their validation as epidermal biomarkers for atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis has yet to be established.

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Efficacy of Pseudo‐Ceramide Absorption Into the Stratum Corneum and Effects on Transepidermal Water Loss and the Ceramide Profile: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Akahane,

Watanabe,

Shimizu

et al. 2024

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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BackgroundChanges in the level or profile of ceramides are associated with decreased stratum corneum (SC) barrier function. Topical application of a pseudo‐ceramide (pCer)‐containing moisturizer can improve barrier function. Additionally, pCer that absorbs into the SC may improve ceramide profiles.AimWe investigated the relationship between pCer absorption into the SC and SC properties and determined the efficacy of a pCer‐containing spray compared with that of a commercial spray without pCer.Patients/MethodsPatients with self‐perceived dry and sensitive skin and decreased barrier function (transepidermal water loss [TEWL] > 10 g/m2h) were randomized into two groups to topically apply a pCer‐containing spray (test group; N = 33) or commercial spray without pCer (control group; N = 19) twice daily as a single‐blind study. SC function and ceramide properties were investigated before and after 4 weeks of application.ResultsIn the test group, the ceramide (NP)/(NS) ratio proportionally increased with the pCer application level after 4 weeks of pCer‐containing spray application. In the control group, there were no changes in SC function after topical application of the commercially available spray without pCer; however, the SC water content, TEWL, SC cell area, and scaling score improved in the test group. Furthermore, the changes in TEWL in the test group were significantly negatively correlated with the pCer application level.ConclusionsThe efficacy of pCer‐containing sprays for those who have sensitive skin with impaired barrier function was demonstrated. Furthermore, the improvement in SC barrier function induced by pCer may contribute to normalizing the SC ceramide profile.

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Chain length of covalently bound ceramides correlates with skin barrier function in healthy subjects

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

The importance of stratum corneum ω‐linoleoyloxyacylceramides in human skin barrier health: their biochemistry, processing enzymes and metabolites involved in corneocyte lipid envelope maturation

The importance of stratum corneum ω‐linoleoyloxyacylceramides in human skin barrier health: their biochemistry, processing enzymes and metabolites involved in corneocyte lipid envelope maturation

Epidermal biomarkers of the skin barrier in atopic and contact dermatitis

Efficacy of Pseudo‐Ceramide Absorption Into the Stratum Corneum and Effects on Transepidermal Water Loss and the Ceramide Profile: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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