Chain propagation rate constants for gas‐phase polymerization of propene and 1‐butene with Ziegler‐Natta catalysts

Abstract

13C NMR analysis of propene/l -butene block copolymers obtained by gas-phase polymerization with Ziegler-Natta catalysts allows the determination of the propagation rate constants for the homopolymerization of the two monomers. They are very similar for the Solvay type catalyst 6-TiCI3/AIMe3 and the supported catalyst TiC1,/MgCl,/phthalate/AlMe3. The constant of propene polymerization is three times higher than that of 1-butene polymerization. The high value of the constant found for propene polymerization is in agreement with the literature value determined by the stopped flow polymerization method.

Effective (n-6) Lennard-Jones Potentials with Temperature-Dependent Parameters Introduced for Accurate Calculation of Equilibrium and Transport Properties of Ethene, Propene, Butene, and Cyclopropane

“…Especially ethene (ethylene, C 2 H 4 ), propene (propylene, C 3 H 6 ), 1-butene (1-butylene), cis -2-butene ( cis -2-butylene), and iso - butene (iso-butylene, all butenes C 4 H 8 ) are important monomers in the polymer industry . In many cases, the polymerization is carried out in the gas phase using not only the pure monomers but also binary and ternary mixtures of some alkenes. − It is clear that for a better understanding and modeling of the underlying physical and chemical processes the thermophysical and thermochemical properties of the alkenes must be known. To this end, many experimental and theoretical studies on the thermophysical properties and the equation of state of the lower alkenes have been carried out. − These studies are augmented by detailed analyses of the underlying intermolecular interaction potentials. − Knowing the intermolecular interaction energy U ( R ,ω) as a function of distance R and mutual orientation ω, some of the thermophysical properties of bulk matter can be calculated .…”

“…1 In many cases, the polymerization is carried out in the gas phase using not only the pure monomers but also binary and ternary mixtures of some alkenes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] It is clear that for a better understanding and modeling of the underlying physical and chemical processes the thermophysical and thermochemical properties of the alkenes must be known. To this end, many experimental and theoretical studies on the thermophysical properties and the equation of state of the lower alkenes have been carried out.…”

Characterization of high melt strength propylene/1‐butene copolymer synthesized by in situ heat induction melt reaction

“…Compared with homopolymerization of propylene, ethylene, and ethylene/α‐olefin copolymerization, there are few studies in the open literatures about the synthesis of propylene/1‐butene copolymers. In the reports that have been published, most of them investigated polymerizations in suspensions of heptane, hexane, or toluene,9–14 although some few studies were related to polymerizations performed in bulk15, 16 and in gas‐phase 17. Furthermore, there were rare studies about HMSPP prepared by using propylene/1‐butene copolymers as a basic resin 18–32…”

Synthesis of Propylene/1‐Butene Copolymers with Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst in Gas‐Phase Copolymerizations, 1

“…Compared to propylene and ethylene homopolymerizations and to ethylene/ α ‐olefin copolymerizations, there are few studies in the open literature about the synthesis of propylene/1‐butene copolymers. And in those studies that have been published, most investigated polymerizations in suspensions of heptane, hexane or toluene,9–14 although some few studies regard polymerizations performed in bulk15,16 and in gas‐phase 17. These studies show that depending on the features of the Ziegler‐Natta catalyst system (for example, external and internal donor type, carrier, isospecificity of the catalyst sites, etc.…”