Chain Scissions of Rubber Molecules by a Tensile Force in Filled Rubber Systems

Suzuki, Nozomu; Ito, Masayoshi

doi:10.2324/ejsm.1.1

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We reported the ESR results for the stretched silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates 2, 3. At a given strain, the tensile stress on draw and radical concentration increased by the introduction of coupling agent such as bis(triethoxysilyl propyl)‐tetrasulfide (TESPT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESR study of silica‐filled SBR with different rubber/filler interactions

Ito

Isago

Suzuki

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) unvulcanizates and their vulcanizates with different rubber/filler interactions were prepared by using several kinds of coupling agents. Tensile tests and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements were carried out for both unvulcanized and vulcanized samples to get information on the effects of filler/rubber interactions on the breakdown of carbon-carbon (CÀ ÀC) linkages in SBR and carbon-sulfur (CÀ ÀSÀ ÀC, CÀ ÀSÀ ÀSÀ ÀC) linkages at the crosslinked points between rubber and sulfur by a tensile force.The combination of ESR results and stress-strain data suggested that with increasing the mechanical energy applied to the samples by the stretching, the carbon-sulfur linkages around silica particles were broken first, followed by the breakdown of carbon-sulfur and CÀ ÀC linkages in the rubber matrix. The assignment of ESR spectrum was also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESR study of silica‐filled SBR with different rubber/filler interactions

Ito

Isago

Suzuki

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…A complete fundamental understanding of this complex mechanism remains a significant scientific challenge. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) IMAGING In order to establish the structure-mechanical properties relationship, one needs proper methods to characterize the morphologies. Up to now, morphological studies of the polymeric materials have been carried out by various microscopic and scattering methods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Imaging in Polymer Science: Its Application to Block Copolymer Morphologies and Rubber Composites

Dohi¹,

Kimura²,

Kotani³

et al. 2007

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:New methods to visualize polymer morphologies in three-dimension (3D) in polymer science are reviewed. Here we concentrate on one of such 3D imaging technique, transmission electron microtomography (TEMT), and introduce some experimental studies using this novel technique. They are block copolymer morphologies during order-order transition between the two different morphologies and block copolymer thin film morphology also during morphological change due to confinement. Direct visualization of 3D structure of silica particle/rubber composite and related morphological analyses are shown. Subsequently, as a very hot topic of the 3D imaging, we show for the first time to characterize the morphological change in a silica particle/rubber composite upon stretching. It was found that the aggregates of silica particles were broken down upon stretching and many voids were generated near and between the silica particles. Local stress upon stretching inside the composite was inferred from the image intensity of the 3D reconstructed image. The local stress was found not only near the silica particles but also near the top of the voids. The observations indicated that the local stress increases the modulus, causing voids to form along the stretching direction. The thickness of the specimen after the stretching was also estimated from the 3D volume data, which turned out to be non-uniform and thinner than what is expected from the affine deformation. These experimental findings indicate that the rubber composite does not obey the assumption of the affine deformation at the nano-scale. Polymer materials are ubiquitous in our daily life. Such materials often consist of more than one species of polymers and thus become multi-component systems, such as in polymer blends, 1,2 block copolymers, 3 and fillers/polymer composites. 4 The multi-component systems often show phase-separated structures due to immiscibility of constituents. Studies to characterize such morphologies inside the materials have been growing intensively over the past few decades. Academic interest in complex fluids (to which polymeric systems belong) as well as the ceaseless industrial need for developing new materials motivates such studies.In academia, pattern formation and self-assembling processes of multi-component polymer systems are one of the most fascinating research themes in nonlinear, non-equilibrium phenomena.1 Likewise, nanometer-scale periodic structures formed in block copolymers in their equilibrium state are interesting because their self-assembly is driven by the subtle balance between the entropic block chain conformation and enthalpic interaction between the constituents. 3In industry, phase-separated polymer systems provide an important route to achieve superior physical properties. Hence, the structure-property relationship in multi-component polymeric materials is of significant importance, basic studies on which eventually render new designs of polymer materials satisfying the diverse requirements of industry.Filler/polymer comp...

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“…Both samples showed broad absorption curves with the g value of 2.004 and the Δ H msl of 1.55 mT. The spectra are responsible for the breakdowns of CC linkages for the PD and breakdowns of CC and sulfur linkages for the PS 5–9. It is evident that the signal intensity for the PS is much larger than that for PD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We reported the ESR results for the stretched silica filled SBR unvulcanizates and their vulcanizates 7–9. In the study, samples for the measurements were stretched by a tensile tester at room temperature up to a desired strain in the range of 10–200%, followed by a release of tensile stress, subsequently transferred to the precooled ESR cavity (−100°C) to avoid radical decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESR study of vulcanizates under the deformed state

Funatsu¹,

Takagi²,

Ito³

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements under the tensile deformation of cross-linked polyisoprene were examined by the combination of home-built stretching machine with commercially available ESR spectrometer. The changes of radical concentration during tensile deformation were successfully determined by this technique. It was found that the number of radicals produced by the stretching process decreased during the retraction of stretched sample. In addition, at a given strain, the decrease of radical concentration with time was accompanied by the increase of stress. Such changes were more prominent in the cross-linked sample by sulfur PS sample (PS) than by dicumyl peroxide (PCP), PD sample (PD). The tensile modulus of the samples after the one cyclic deformation increased with increasing the keeping time at room temperature after the cyclic deformation. The increase was larger for the PS than for the PD. These results suggest that the broken cross-linking structure induced by the stretching process was partly reconstructed during and after the retraction with this tendency more prominent in the PS than in the PD.

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Chain Scissions of Rubber Molecules by a Tensile Force in Filled Rubber Systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

ESR study of silica‐filled SBR with different rubber/filler interactions

ESR study of silica‐filled SBR with different rubber/filler interactions

Three-Dimensional Imaging in Polymer Science: Its Application to Block Copolymer Morphologies and Rubber Composites

ESR study of vulcanizates under the deformed state

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