Chairside CAD/CAM materials. Part 2: Flexural strength testing

Wendler, Michael; Belli, Renan; Petschelt, Anselm; Mevec, D.; Harrer, Walter; Lube, Tanja; Dänzer, Robert; Lohbauer, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2016.10.008

Cited by 292 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…50 A microstructure containing smaller crystals guarantees to this material mechanical properties similar to those observed for lithium disilicate ceramics. 47 Additionally, as observed for traditional glass-ceramics, these new zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate materials maintain good optical properties, are easily milled in CAD-CAM machines and attain good surface finishing, as they still have a high amount of glass matrix. 51 The two existing commercial examples of lithium silicate glass-ceramics are: a) Suprinity (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sachingen, Germany), a material marketed in a partially crystallized state and that requires an additional thermal cycle in a furnace; and b) CELTRA Duo (Dentisply-Sirona, Bensheim, Germany), a material that is already in its final crystallization stage.…”

Section: New Glass-ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later on, lithium disilicate glass-ceramics underwent some changes and gave rise to IPS e.max Lithium Disilicate (Ivoclar Vivadent Ltda., Barueri, Brazil), which has better mechanical properties, mostly due to the decrease in the size of the plateletshaped crystals (length varying from 2.0 to 3.0 µm) and the increase in interlocking among crystals. 46,47 Despite the great acceptance and broad use of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, the evolution of dental materials has attempted to suppress the remaining disadvantages of this ceramic system by means of the development of glass-ceramics reinforced with polycrystalline ceramics. These new glass-ceramics were designed to contain lithium silicate as the main crystalline phase in a vitreous matrix reinforced with zirconium dioxide crystals (~10%).…”

Section: New Glass-ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dental ceramics: a review of new materials and processing methods

et al. 2017

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The evolution of computerized systems for the production of dental restorations associated to the development of novel microstructures for ceramic materials has caused an important change in the clinical workflow for dentists and technicians, as well as in the treatment options offered to patients. New microstructures have also been developed by the industry in order to offer ceramic and composite materials with optimized properties, i.e., good mechanical properties, appropriate wear behavior and acceptable aesthetic characteristics. The objective of this literature review is to discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of the new ceramic systems and processing methods. The manuscript is divided in five parts: I) monolithic zirconia restorations; II) multilayered dental prostheses; III) new glass-ceramics; IV) polymer infiltrated ceramics; and V) novel processing technologies. Dental ceramics and processing technologies have evolved significantly in the past ten years, with most of the evolution being related to new microstructures and CAD-CAM methods. In addition, a trend towards the use of monolithic restorations has changed the way clinicians produce all-ceramic dental prostheses, since the more aesthetic multilayered restorations unfortunately are more prone to chipping or delamination. Composite materials processed via CAD-CAM have become an interesting option, as they have intermediate properties between ceramics and polymers and are more easily milled and polished.

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Section: New Glass-ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Glass-ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental ceramics: a review of new materials and processing methods

et al. 2017

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“…They create a state of biaxial stress which simulates better the multiaxial stress condition that restorative materials are subjected during function, does not discriminate cracks in particular orientations, and avoid undesirable edge fractures [7,8]. The present study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of simplifying the confection of specimens for piston-on-three ball biaxial flexure tests employing CAD/CAM ceramic blocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…grinding, sandblasting) in the potential failure of ceramic restorations [6]. The biaxial strength testing of brittle materials has some advantages, compared to the uniaxial testing, such as simpler specimen preparation (since it is not necessary to chamfer the edges), absence of tensile loaded edges (the load is applied in the center of the specimen, away from the edges), and a state of multiaxial loading condition, which does not discriminate cracks in particular orientations [7,8]. Different configurations of biaxial flexural tests are reported in the literature, as piston-on-three ball, ring-on-ring, ball-onring [9], and ball-on-three-balls [8].…”

Section: O Presente Estudo Avaliou a Influência Da Geometria Do Corpomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biaxial strength testing of brittle materials has some advantages, compared to the uniaxial testing, such as simpler specimen preparation (since it is not necessary to chamfer the edges), absence of tensile loaded edges (the load is applied in the center of the specimen, away from the edges), and a state of multiaxial loading condition, which does not discriminate cracks in particular orientations [7,8]. Different configurations of biaxial flexural tests are reported in the literature, as piston-on-three ball, ring-on-ring, ball-onring [9], and ball-on-three-balls [8]. Regarding dental ceramics, ISO 6872:2008 [3] recommends a piston-onthree-ball configuration, in which a disc-shaped specimen is supported by three hardened steel balls with a diameter between 2.5 and 6.5 mm and positioned 120° apart on a support circle with a diameter between 10 and 12 mm.…”

Section: O Presente Estudo Avaliou a Influência Da Geometria Do Corpomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the geometry of ceramic specimens on biaxial flexural strength: experimental testing and finite element analysis

et al. 2018

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This study evaluated the influence of the geometry of ceramic specimens (disc vs. square plate) on the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) using an experimental set and finite element analysis (FEA). Leucite glass-ceramic blocks were used in the preparation of disc (D; n=14) and square plate (S; n=13) specimens with the same lower (tensile) surface area. The specimens were subjected to a piston-on-three-ball flexural test (ISO 6872:2008). To calculate the BFS of the S group, the specimen radius, indicated by the ISO 6872:2008 formula for discs, was replaced by half of the side length. FEA compared the pattern of stress distribution and the first principal stress between D and S specimens having the same and different lower (tensile) surface area. Student's t-test showed no difference (p=0.85) in the BFS between D (95.0±9.6 MPa) and S (84.3±10.3 MPa). FEA indicated a similar pattern of stress distribution, with almost no difference in the first principal stress of discs and square plates with the same lower (tensile) surface area. In the experimental condition investigated, square plate ceramic specimens can be used in piston-on-three-ball tests. For the calculation of the BFS, the specimen radius may be replaced by half side length of the square specimen.

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Zirconia‐containing glass‐ceramics: From nucleating agent to primary crystalline phase

Shearer,

Montazerian,

Deng

et al. 2024

Int J Ceramic Engine & Sci

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This article reviews promising studies on the design, manufacturing, microstructure, properties, and applications of glass‐ceramics containing ZrO2 and relevant glass‐ceramic matrix composites. After the addition of ZrO2 to a glass‐ceramic composition, it can persist in the residual glassy phase, facilitate nucleation, and/or precipitate as ZrO2 or another zirconate crystalline phase. Also, ZrO2‐reinforced or ZrO2‐toughened glass‐ceramics can be designed as composites. In this article, the term “ZrO2‐containing glass‐ceramics” encompasses all these scenarios in which ZrO2 is present. Such glass‐ceramics offer a wide range of applications in modern industries, including but not limited to architecture, optics, dentistry, medicine, and energy. Since S. Donald Stookey's discovery of glass‐ceramics in the early 1950s, the most important scientific efforts reported in the literature are reviewed. ZrO2 is commonly added to glass‐ceramics to promote nucleation. As a result, the role of ZrO2 in structural modification of residual glass and stimulating the nucleation in glass‐ceramic is first discussed. ZrO2 can also be designed into the main crystalline phase of glass‐ceramics, contributing achieving super high fracture toughness above 4 MPa·m0.5. Experimental and computational studies are reviewed in detail to elucidate how the transformation toughening and other mechanisms help to achieve such high values of fracture toughness. Sintered and glass‐ceramic matrix composites also show promise, where ZrO2 contributes to improved stability and mechanical properties. Finally, we hope this article will provoke interest in glass‐ceramic materials in both the scientific and industrial communities so that their tremendous technological potential in developing, for example, tough, thermally stable, transparent, and biologically compatible materials can be realized more widely.

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Chairside CAD/CAM materials. Part 2: Flexural strength testing

Cited by 292 publications

References 13 publications

Dental ceramics: a review of new materials and processing methods

Dental ceramics: a review of new materials and processing methods

Influence of the geometry of ceramic specimens on biaxial flexural strength: experimental testing and finite element analysis

Zirconia‐containing glass‐ceramics: From nucleating agent to primary crystalline phase

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