Challenges & compromises in Spike Lee's Malcolm X

Darth Vader Made Me Do It! Anakin Skywalker’s Avoidance of Responsibility and the Gray Areas of Hegemonic Masculinity in theStar WarsUniverse

“…We are particularly interested in the instructive function of narrative fragments. For instance, through an analysis of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Ehrenhaus (1993) was able to demonstrate how narrative fragments in the news and popular media about veterans of the Vietnam War coalesced in American society to blend into an overarching narrative that defined the veteran as “wounded.” Similarly, scholars in rhetoric have taken this approach to the study of film to understand how narrative fragments rather than film practices or form are instructive of larger ideologies (see Ashcraft & Flores, 2003; Brookey & Westerfelhaus, 2001; Daughton, 1996; Foss, Waters, & Armada, 2007; Foust & Soukup, 2006; Moreman & Calafell, 2008; Ott & Aoki, 2004; Ott & Bonnstetter, 2007; Payne, 1989; Rasmussen & Downey, 1991; Rushing, 1989; Rushing & Frentz, 1989, 1999; Watts, 2005, Winn, 2000, 2001, 2003). For example, Moreman and Calafell examine how the narrative of La Llorona, a mythic Mexican and Chicana/o figure, used in the film Chasing Papi , constructs meanings about Latino masculinity and citizenship.…”

Redrawing Afrocentrism: VisualNommoin George H. Ben Johnson's Editorial Cartoons

“…Although there have been more studies of African American rhetoric in the intervening period, these studies have focused primarily on the speeches and essays of prominent Black officials and preachers or have tended to examine the rich musical tradition of African Americans, including gospels, spirituals, blues, and rap music (Aldridge & Carlin, 1993;Cummings & Latta, 2003;Cummings & Roy, 2002;McPhail, 1996;Stephens, 1991;Winn, 2001). However, few studies have celebrated or sought to understand the rich tradition of African visual rhetorics.…”

“…However, few studies have celebrated or sought to understand the rich tradition of African visual rhetorics. The few who have studied visual texts like films and museums for their implications for media representations of African Americans have tended not to focus the implications of their analyses on Afrocentric visual rhetorics (e.g., Atwater & Herndon, 2003;McPhail, 1996;Winn, 2001).…”