With the wide application of Internet technology, more and more application systems use a dynamic and open network environment as a platform for computing and operation, and the functional requirements of the system are becoming more and more complex. Due to its strong real-time, openness, scalability and loose coupling characteristics, distributed component-based systems have been widely used in many fields such as civil industrial systems and ship equipment. The main purpose of this paper is to study the design and implementation of distributed systems (DS) based on software components (SC) and middleware technology (MT). In this paper, through the in-depth analysis of the MT, the middleware that conforms to the automatic testing technology is developed, and the instrument control, process communication, data management and other services of the middleware are realized, and the interaction between the application programs and the platform are tested. Experiments show that the average transmission efficiency of the new system using MT for data integration can be almost 8 times higher than that of the original system. After testing with data (the maximum amount of data per day does not exceed 20,000), when the supervision server is idle, the time required to transmit data every day does not exceed 4 minutes, which can basically guarantee the normal operation of the system.